Prenatal or postnatal exposure to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat: Postnatal evaluation of teratology and behavior

Disruption of glucocorticoid action by environmental chemicals: Potential mechanisms and relevance

“…Interestingly, among other effects, the exposure of pregnant rats to organotins has been associated with reduced birth weight [76][77][78]. In contrast to DTCs, the inhibition of 11␤-HSD2 by organotins is reversible [79].…”

Organotins Disrupt the 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2–Dependent Local Inactivation of Glucocorticoids

“…Enhanced glucocorticoid action due to inhibition of 11β-HSD2, which in the placenta protects the fetus from high maternal levels, or due to treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids that cannot be inactivated by 11β-HSD2, such as dexamethasone (Rebuffat et al 2004), have been associated with reduced birth weight and irreversible changes in the cardiovascular system with complications in later life (Seckl et al 2000). Thus, inhibition of 11β-HSD2 may be one reason that offspring from pregnant rats treated with organotins show significantly reduced birth weight (Adeeko et al 2003; Cooke et al 2004; Crofton et al 1989). …”

“…A single oral dose of DOT, DBT, or TBT induces a dose-related reduction of the relative thymus weight in rats, and impaired cell-mediated immunity was observed after dietary exposure to TPT for several weeks (Krajnc et al 1984; Seinen et al 1977a, 1977b; Snoeij et al 1988; Vos et al 1984a, 1984b, 1990). Furthermore, exposure of pregnant rats to organotins causes reduced birth weight (Adeeko et al 2003; Cooke et al 2004; Crofton et al 1989). …”

Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology of Pesticides

“…HCB was also found to be particularly toxic to the developing perinatal animal, transplacentally and via the milk, causing enlarged kidneys, hydronephrosis, hepatomegaly, and possible effects on the immune system (Ecobichon, 1996). This reflected the increase in body accumulation with these substances during human life as well as a continuous Kavlock et al, 1982Kavlock et al, 1982 As cited in Schardein, 1993 Munley andHurtt, 1996 As cited in Schardein, 1993Crofton et al, 1989 Rat Two species Vergieva, 1990 As cited in Schardein, 1993 Rat By oral and dermal routes Robens, 1974 As cited in Schardein, 1993Janardhan et al, 1984 As cited in Schardein, 1993 (continues) The adverse reproductive effects of HCB have been reported in rats, minks, ferrets, and monkeys (Bleavins et al, 1984;Iatropoulos et al, 1976).…”