Prenatal opiate exposure: long-term CNS consequences in the stress system of the offspring

Vathy, Ilona

doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00049-x

Cited by 76 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Both Ornoy et al (2001) and Moe (2002) found that adopted substance-exposed children largely scored within normal limits on intellectual tests, but the performance IQ (and in Moe's study, general IQ) was significantly lower than that of the comparison group. 2) In vitro studies of cell cultures and animal models have pointed to distinct cellular mechanisms by which exposure to alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, and opiates cause brain alterations in the developing fetus (Bhat et al, 2006;Harlan andSong, 1994,Harvey, 2004;Hu et al, 2002;Malanga and Kosofsky, 2004;Vathy, 2002). 3) Imaging and autopsy studies of children prenatally exposed to alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine generally point to structural brain effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Hu et al (2002) found that morphine triggers approximately a fourfold increase in programmed cell death (apoptosis) in human fetal microglia and neurons. Vathy (2002) points out that the highest concentrations of opioid receptors are present in several brain areas including the limbic system, thalamus, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain and spinal cord, so a range of physiological mechanisms could be affected by opiate exposure. Along with such physiological effects, animal models have pointed to abnormalities in both subcortical and cortical areas following fetal opiate exposure, and as pointed out by Yanai et al (2003), opioids, like many other neuroteratogens, affect numerous brain regions and processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volumetric cerebral characteristics of children exposed to opiates and other substances in utero

et al. 2007

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Morphometric cerebral characteristics were studied in children with prenatal poly-substance exposure (n =14) compared to controls (n = 14) without such exposure. Ten of the substance exposed children were born to mothers who used opiates (heroin) throughout the pregnancy. Groups were compared across 16 brain measures: cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, accumbens area, caudate, putamen, pallidum, brainstem, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter, lateral ventricles, inferior lateral ventricles, and the 3 rd and 4 th ventricles. In addition, continuous measurement of thickness across the entire cortical mantle was performed. Volumetric characteristics were correlated with ability and questionnaire assessments 2 years prior to scan. Compared to controls, the substance-exposed children had smaller intracranial and brain volumes, including smaller cerebral cortex, amygdala, accumbens area, putamen, pallidum, brainstem, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter, and inferior lateral ventricles, and thinner cortex of the right anterior cingulate and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Pallidum and putamen appeared especially reduced in the subgroup exposed to opiates. Only volumes of the right anterior cingulate, the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the accumbens area, showed some association with ability and questionnaire measures. The sample studied is rare, and hence small, so conclusions cannot be drawn with certainty. Morphometric group differences were observed, but associations with previous behavioral assessment were generally weak. Some of the volumetric differences, particularly thinner cortex in part of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, may be moderately involved in cognitive and behavioral difficulties more frequently experienced by opiate and poly-substance exposed children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric cerebral characteristics of children exposed to opiates and other substances in utero

et al. 2007

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“…Los modelos de laboratorio concluyen que la exposición prenatal a heroína altera los sistemas de neurotransmisión catecolaminérgicos y colinérgicos 57 , así como en los sistemas de respuesta al estrés 58 mediados por los sistemas noradrenérgicos y opioide endógeno. La investigación con humanos, sin embargo, encuentra relativamente poca consistencia en la capacidad neuroteratógena de los opiáceos, evaluada a través de la existencia de déficits cognitivo-conductuales a medio y largo plazo.…”

Section: Opiáceosunclassified

“…Sin embargo, existen algunos autores que señalan que los niños expuestos durante el embarazo serían más vulnerables a entornos conflictivos o empobrecidos 54,59 , por lo que la exposición a otros factores de riesgo sería desencadenante de algún tipo de problemática con mayor facilidad. Los modelos animales sugieren una alteración de los sistemas de respuesta al estrés derivados de la exposición prenatal a sustancias tales como el alcohol, la cocaína y la heroína 15,58,107 , por lo que esta hipótesis no es desdeñable.…”

Section: Factores Psicosocialesunclassified

Maternidad, infancia y drogas: implicaciones clínicas

Botella¹

2004

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RESUMENObjetivos: Revisar la relación entre la exposición prenatal a drogas y el pronóstico fetal, neonatal e infantil. Material y méto-dos: se estudia el estado actual de la investigación relativa a la exposición prenatal a sustancias psicoactivas, mediante una extensa revisión de Medline y de las investigaciones de organismos norteamericanas y europeos durante los últimos años. Se presta especial atención a las dificultades metodológicas derivadas del objeto de estudio y a otros factores tales como la relación materno-infantil y las características de la mujer adicta. Resultados: la exposición prenatal a drogas se asocial a un amplio rango de complicaciones obstétricas y alteraciones neuroconductuales infantiles. Con la excepción del síndrome alcohólico fetal y otros efectos fetales ligados al alcohol, estas alteraciones suelen encontrarse en dominios cognitivos específicos y pueden estar moduladas por factores psicosociales y ambientales. Conclusiones: los niños expuestos prenatalmente a drogas pueden ser considerados un caso especial de infancia en riesgo. Es necesario investigar el impacto real de la exposición prenatal a sustancias psicoactivas y la relevancia de otros factores en su pronóstico a medio y largo plazo. Asimismo, es necesario implicar y formar a diferentes profesionales, tales como obstetras, ginecólogos y pediatras, y coordinar la intervención de las diferentes instituciones, para mejorar la atención prestada a la mujer drogodependiente y a sus hijos.Palabras clave: mujer, droga, teratógeno, embarazo de alto riesgo, manifestaciones neuroconductuales.

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“…Como Muitos estudos têm mostrado a participação do sistema opioidérgico no desenvolvimento fetal (SCHINDLER et al, 2004;SHEPANEK et al, 1995;VATHY, 2002;ZAGON et al, 1998;MCLAUGHLIN, 1997) e nos efeitos do estresse pré-natal (POLTYREV; WEINSTOCK, 1997; REZNIKOV; NOSENKO; TARASENKO, 1999TARASENKO, , 2003TARASENKO, , 2005RIMANOCZY et al, 2003). McLaughlin et al (1997a;1997b), em particular, mostraram que o bloqueio do receptor opióide com naltrexona durante toda a gestação resultou em adiantamento do desenvolvimento físico da prole.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Participação do sistema opioidérgico e dos glicocorticóides nas alterações comportamentais e da imunidade inata induzidas na prole pelo estresse pré-natal

Fonseca¹

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Participação do sistema opioidérgico e dos glicocorticóides nas alterações comportamentais e da imunidade inata induzidas na prole pelo estresse pré-natalDue to its rapid growth, the fetus is particularly vulnerable to insults and the attendant changes in its hormonal milieu. This led to the suggestion that adverse life situations experienced by the pregnant mother can induce alterations in the fetal environment and result in deleterious effects on the rate of development and health of the child. In view of the considerable methodological difficulties in assessing the impact of the stress on human mothers, and evaluating its effects on the development and behavior of their children, much of our information about sequelae from gestational stress has been derived from studies in experimental animals. That was the objective of this study, taking into account the required grounds for reasonable comparisons. We particularly aimed the effects of prenatal stress applied from gestational day (GD) 15 to GD19 on behavior, immunological parameters, levels of corticosterone and testosterone and brain neurochemistry of male and female Swiss mice offspring, on post natal day 30. We also study the effects of naloxone (opioid antagonist) and of metyrapone (corticosterone synthesis inhibitor), both applied before prenatal stress, on parameters described above. The results of this work showed that: 1) prenatal stress increased total locomotion in males evaluated in an open field and naloxone treatment before stress prevented this effect; 2) prenatal stress and metyrapone injection increased anxiety levels of male and female offspring. Metyrapone injection before prenatal stress prevented this effect; 3) naloxone, alone or associated to prenatal stress, decreased oxidative burst of blood neutrophils in male and female pups. On the other hand, in female offspring naloxone alone increased blood neutrophil phagocytosis; 4) prenatal stress decreased phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophage and naloxone before stress prevented this effect; 5) prenatal stress decreased oxidative burst and phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophage in female pups and naloxone treatment before stress prevented this effect; 6) prenatal stress decreased corticosterone serum levels in male offspring and naloxone treatment, alone or associated to stress increased it. 7) In female pups, prenatal stress increased corticosterone serum levels and metyrapone before stress prevented this alteration; 8) gestational stress increased Nor turnover in male and female offspring; 9) naloxone increased DA turnover only in male offspring; 10) metyrapone treatment increased DA turnover in male and female offspring; 11) prenatal stress, naloxone or metyrapone treatment had different effects on male and female offspring. Altogether, these findings show that prenatal stress has relevant effects on animal development; these effects last until adulthood. The results also show that many of prenatal stress effects can be prevented by naloxone or metyrapone, and suggests that the opioid sys...

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Prenatal opiate exposure: long-term CNS consequences in the stress system of the offspring

Cited by 76 publications

References 65 publications

Volumetric cerebral characteristics of children exposed to opiates and other substances in utero

Volumetric cerebral characteristics of children exposed to opiates and other substances in utero

Maternidad, infancia y drogas: implicaciones clínicas

Participação do sistema opioidérgico e dos glicocorticóides nas alterações comportamentais e da imunidade inata induzidas na prole pelo estresse pré-natal

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