Prenatal Hair Nicotine Analysis in Homes with Multiple Smokers

Abstract

Synopsis Prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is responsible for adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth. Smoking in the home is the primary source of exposure to women during pregnancy. Hair nicotine analysis of mothers and infants was used to describe the relationship between prenatal SHS exposure and number of household smokers. Maternal hair nicotine was strongly correlated with number of household smokers, and a more sensitive measure of household smoking than infant hair. Home smoking bans and focused public media campaigns on the harmful effects of SHS exposure are necessary prevention strategies to avoid adverse perinatal outcomes.

Hair nicotine at 15 months old, tobacco exposure and wheeze or asthma from 15 months to 6 years old

“…Most other studies of young children have yielded mean or median hair nicotine values within a range of about 0.1‐1 ng/mg hair for non‐exposed and 1‐12 ng/mg for exposed children—similar to or slightly higher than levels we measured (arithmetic mean levels of 0.28 and 1.32 ng/mg, respectively). This is the case regardless of the assay method for hair nicotine (eg, reversed phase HPLC with electrochemical detection method, radioimmunoassay, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry methods, or HPLC‐tandem mass spectrometry). Some have argued that hair colour (representing melanin content) influences hair nicotine but this is debated .…”

Preterm birth and secondhand smoking during pregnancy: A case–control study from Vietnam

“…studies suggest that only women exposed to passive tobacco with high doses and long duration had the risk of preterm birth [26,27]. That SHS affected preterm birth in some developed countries was evidenced by a reduction in rates of preterm birth when smoke-free legislation was implemented [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Incorporation of Drug and Substances in Hair

“…6 Yine pasif difüzyon modelinin sorgulandığı diğer bulgu ise saç-taki ana ilaçla metaboliti arasındaki oranlara ilişkin elde edilen sonuçlardır. [8][9][10] Örneğin; sigara içicilerde saçtaki nikotin/kotinin oranı 10 olarak saptanmıştır. 11 Eroin kullanıcılarında saçta 6-monoasetilmorfinin morfine oranı üç olarak saptanır iken, kokain kullanıcılarında kokain benzoilekgonin oranının 10 olduğu rapor edilmiştir.…”

“…47 Bazı çalışmalarda, nikotin ve kotinin yenidoğanların saçında saptanmıştır. 7,8 Kırık anne/bebek çifti üzerinde yapılan araştırmada, sırasıyla yenidoğan ve annenin saçlarında nikotin konsantrasyonları 0,15-11,8 ve 0,37-63,5 ng/mg olarak bulunmuştur. 44 Bu çalışma, yenidoğan ve annenin saçındaki nikotin konsantrasyonu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon bulunduğu göster-miştir.…”