Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 and sex-dependent infant cognitive and motor development.

Lertxundi, Aitana; Andiarena, Ainara; Martı́nez, Marı́a Dolores; Ayerdi, Mikel; Murcia, Mario; Estarlich, Marisa; Guxens, Mònica; Sunyer, Jordi; Júlvez, Jordi; Ibarluzea, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.001

Cited by 90 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Mainly breastfeeding for 3 months was shown to decrease the adverse impact of air pollution on respiratory health [11], lung function [13], and blood pressure [84]. However, the duration of predominately breastfeeding showed no effect on neurodevelopmental outcomes with prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 [12]. The lack of the protective effects of breastfeeding may be explained by the fact that the effects of prenatal exposure to pollutants are higher than the protective effect of breastfeeding, or if the mother is still exposed to pollutants, she may transfer them to the infant via breastmilk [12].…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breastfeeding has well documented as having wide-ranging health benefits both for the mother and children [9], and may be able to diminish the adverse health effects of exposure to environmental pollution [10]. Thus far, several studies have investigated the effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects induced by air pollutants; however, the results were inconclusive [11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Zielińska

Hamułka

2019

IJERPH

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Air pollution is a major social, economic, and health problem around the world. Children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution due to their immaturity and excessive growth and development. The aims of this narrative review were to: (1) summarize evidence about the protective effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure, (2) define and describe the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding, and (3) examine the potential effects of air pollution on breastmilk composition and lactation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Existing evidence suggests that breastfeeding has a protective effect on adverse outcomes of indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in respiratory (infections, lung function, asthma symptoms) and immune (allergic, nervous and cardiovascular) systems, as well as under-five mortality in both developing and developed countries. However, some studies reported no protective effect of breastfeeding or even negative effects of breastfeeding for under-five mortality. Several possible mechanisms of the breastfeeding protective effect were proposed, including the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on immune, respiratory, and nervous systems, which are related to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of breastmilk. Breastmilk components responsible for its protective effect against air pollutants exposure may be long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, immunoglobins, and cytokines, some of which have concentrations that are diet-dependent. However, maternal exposure to air pollution is related to increased breastmilk concentrations of pollutants (e.g., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals in particulate matter (PM)). Nonetheless, environmental studies have confirmed that breastmilk’s protective effects outweigh its potential health risk to the infant. Mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed their infants due to its unique health benefits, as well as its limited ecological footprint, which is associated with decreased waste production and the emission of pollutants.

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Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Zielińska

Hamułka

2019

IJERPH

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“…In addition to one cross-sectional study (Ren et al 2019) and one longitudinal survey (Yorifuji et al 2017), the remaining 8 studies were based on prospective birth cohort design. And 5 studies were conducted in Europe (Guxens et al 2012(Guxens et al , 2014Lertxundi et al 2015Lertxundi et al , 2019Sentis et al 2017), such as Italy and Spanish, while the remaining 5 studies were conducted separately in Asian countries including China (Lin et al 2014;Porta et al 2016;Ren et al 2019), South Korea (Kim et al 2014), and Japan (Yorifuji et al 2017). In particular, Guxens et al (Guxens et al 2014) had published a study which analyzed data from 6 European population-based birth cohorts conducted in 11 different regions, and the effect values for each subproject were provided in the supplemental material.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prenatal exposure to NO2 on children’s neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shang

Yang

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The neurotoxicity of NO 2 exposure is well-known and potentially causes impaired of neural functions. This review aimed to estimate associations between prenatal NO 2 exposure and neurodevelopment for children. Articles published until May 2019 reported prenatal NO 2 exposure and children's cognition, psychomotor, language, attention, IQ, and behavior function were searched according to all related terms. The main databases we retrieved included PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Coefficient was extracted, conversed, and synthesized by random effects meta-analysis. Meanwhile, qualitatively describe would be used for some studies which cannot be synthesized quantitatively for lack of quantity or methods inconsistency. Finally, a total of 3848 citations were searched, and only 10 studies were included. We estimated that per 10 μg/m 3 increase of NO 2 during pregnancy was associated with a − 0.76 point decrease in global psychomotor (95% CI, − 1.34, − 0.18) and a − 0.62 point decrease in fine psychomotor for children (95% CI, − 1.09, − 0.16). But no significant association found in general cognitive and language. In addition, through the literature review, it seemed that prenatal exposure to NO 2 might cause adverse impacts on children's attention, IQ, and different behaviors, but this requires confirmation from further researches. Our study indicated that prenatal exposure to NO 2 seems to be associated with impaired neural development for children, especially for fine psychomotor. However, further studies are needed for determining the effects of prenatal air pollution exposure on attention, IQ, and behavior.

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“…The presence of multiple methylated CpG sites in CpG islands of promoters often causes stable silencing of genes, 71 although this gene silencing can also be initiated by other mechanisms. 71 The placental also serves as a sensor and transducer of environmental signals, such as prenatal exposure to tobacco, [72][73][74][75] air pollution, [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] and environmental pollutants, [91][92][93][94] which have been tied to both neonatal morbidities and perinatal inflammation. Important questions remain in relation to the role of specific biological pathways in the placenta that when perturbed can lead to child health or disease.…”

Section: Mechanism 2: Disrupted Placental Programming and Neurodevelomentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental programming, perinatal inflammation, and neurodevelopment impairment among those born extremely preterm

et al. 2020

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Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 and sex-dependent infant cognitive and motor development.

Cited by 90 publications

References 47 publications

Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Effects of prenatal exposure to NO2 on children’s neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Placental programming, perinatal inflammation, and neurodevelopment impairment among those born extremely preterm

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