Prenatal, Early-Life, and Childhood Exposure to Air Pollution and Lung Function: The ALSPAC Cohort

Abstract

conceived the study idea and design. J.G. and D.F. provided input on exposure modelling. M.B. and R.G. provided input on the methodology for analysing the data. Y.C. and A.L.H. did the main data analyses and wrote the manuscript. M.Z. provided input on the profile regression analysis. All authors (i) provided substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work,(ii) revised the manuscript for important intellectual content, (iii) approved the final version, and (iv) agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

Role of atmospheric particulate matter exposure in COVID-19 and other health risks in human: A review

“… PM 10 Bangkok, Thailand 2013 - 2018 Meteorological and hospital data Respiratory diseases are associated with air pollution Thongkum et al (2020) 8. PM 10 England 1991 -1992 14,541 pregnant women with 13,963 children Reductions in lung function in mid-childhood Cai et al (2020) 9. PM 2.5 Shanghai, China 2012 - 2014 5281 participants Decreases forced vital capacity (FVC), inspiration capacity (IC), and vital capacity (VC) with impaired lung function Hou et al (2020) 10.…”

Prenatal Air Pollution and Child Lung Function: The Impossible Search for a Vulnerable Trimester

“…Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a range of cardiopulmonary and vascular complications, ranging from upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as shock, acute kidney injury, and thromboembolic complications (1,2). Although SARS-CoV-2 initially infects the upper respiratory tract epithelia, some of the most serious complications of the disease appear to arise through vascular inflammation and injury.…”

“…Although further mechanistic and epidemiological studies are needed, case reports, imaging studies, and autopsy series have suggested the possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, once in the lower respiratory tract, may directly infect endothelial cells, leading to a cascade of consequences including vasoplegia, vascular thromboses, pulmonary edema, endothelial sloughing, and abnormal regulation of pulmonary perfusion (2,3). Regardless of the mechanisms, it is clear that patients often develop severe respiratory failure with hypoxemia that may be refractory to oxygen supplementation and often requires invasive mechanical ventilation.…”

“…In this issue of the Journal, Cai and colleagues (pp. 112-123) sought to answer this question (2). The authors present a prospective cohort study of more than 5,000 children in England, examining associations between exposures to particulate matter ,10 mm in diameter (PM 10 ) during each pregnancy trimester, infancy, and childhood with lung function at ages 8 and 15 years.…”

In Utero Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution during Pregnancy: Impact on Birth Weight and Health through the Life Course

“…There have been a number of research studies that have identified associations between in utero exposure to PM and adverse health; for example, reduction in lung function at age 8 [16] increased the risk of lower respiratory tract infection at age 1 [17], brain structural changes in the cerebral cortex [18], increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure age 4-6 [19], and increases in carotid artery arterial stiffness in young adults with maternal PM 2.5 exposure [20]. However, to date, there are no human research studies that directly link PM exposure in utero, its effect on BW and subsequent impacts of BW on later adult life adverse health outcomes.…”