Prenatal diclofenac sodium administration increases the number of Purkinje cells in female rats: a stereological study

Abstract

Diclofenac sodium (DS) may affect the number of Purkinje cells in the developing cerebellum since DS can easily be transported from the maternal to the fetal physiological system during the pregnancy. In the present study, the effects of prenatal exposure to DS on the number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of 4-week-old (4W-old) and 20-week-old (20W-old) female rats were investigated. There were two main groups: the drug-treated group (DTG) and the control group (CG). Beginning from the 5th day after mating for a period of 15 days, a daily dose of 1 mg/kg of DS (Voltaren, 75 mg/3 ml ampul, Novartis, Mefar Ilaç Sanayi A.S., Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey) was intraperitoneally injected in the DTG of pregnant rats. In contrast, a daily dose of 1 ml/kg of isotonic saline was intraperitoneally administered to the CG of pregnant rats during the same period. After spontaneous delivery, female offspring were obtained, and the main groups' offspring were divided into two subgroups as a 4W-old group and a 20W-old group. Therefore, there were four groups at the end of the experiment: the 4W-old DTG and the CG, and the 20W-old DTG and the CG. At the end of 4W and 20W, offspring were perfused, their brains were dissected, and the number of cells estimated via the optical fractionator technique. Our results showed that while the total number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of offspring of DT 20W-old female rats was significantly higher than that of the CG, there was no significant difference between the 4W-old DTG and the control groups. Therefore, it could be suggested that DS administration during the prenatal period increases the number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of a developing female rat throughout postnatal 20W.

Effects of prenatally exposed diclofenac sodium on rat heart tissue:a stereological and histological study

“…Similar results of the side effects of prenatal exposure to DS on the central and peripheral nervous tissues were also found by our group (4)(5)(6). On the other hand, even prenatal exposure of DS increased total Purkinje cell number in the female rats (37), but no significant differences were found between the granular cell numbers of male juvenile and adult rats exposed to DS prenatally (38). These results may be sex-dependent and require a detailed explanation.…”

Effect of Ginkgo biloba on brain volume after carotid artery occlusion in rats: a stereological and histopathological study

“…The preliminary study results were compared with those from the literature. Our scan of the literature revealed that a sampling fraction of 1/10 and sections of 26-40 µm in thickness had been used in similar studies (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The main study was thus performed on a 1/10 section sample on the basis of 30-µm-thick sections.…”

The stereological ratio of stromal/parenchymal components in postnatal prostate tissue of rats prenatally treated with diclofenac sodium

“…After observing the vaginal plug produced by male vesicular and coagulating gland secretions on the next day, the animals were accepted as pregnant. Pregnant animals were kept in a standard plastic cage on sawdust bedding in an air-conditioned room (20°C), under a 12/12-h light/dark cycle and fed ad libitum (Odaci et al, 2010). After mating, DS (Voltaren, NOVARTIS, Istanbul, Turkey) in a dose of 1 mg/kg was injected daily intraperitoneally (i.p.)…”