Prenatal diagnosis of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: report of two cases with proposal for prognostic indices

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) in the fetus: retrospective analysis of perinatal prognostic indicators in a two‐center series of 49 cases

“…Tricuspid regurgitation was considered present when flow across the tricuspid valve was holosystolic (rather than occurring in early systole only) and/or if the regurgitant jet had a maximum velocity > 2 m/s. Blood flow in the aortic isthmus was considered abnormal if reversed diastolic flow was detected on spectral Doppler investigation. Prenatal MRI was similarly directed at evaluating all features of the malformation and other concurrent brain abnormalities.…”

“…The abnormal shunt prevents involution of the embryonic vein and the subsequent development of the vein of Galen. The diagnosis is made prenatally, commonly in the third trimester, though earlier diagnoses have been reported. Fetal two‐ (2D) and three‐ (3D) dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been employed to characterize VGAM.…”

Advanced cranial ultrasound: transfontanellar Doppler imaging in neonates

“…Color and pulsed Doppler are necessary to diagnose [24] and estimate the prognosis [25] of Galenic aneurysms (Fig. 15).…”

Forme sévère d’un anévrisme de la veine de Galien compliquée d’encéphalomalacie de révélation anténatale

“…Pour cela, des facteurs pronostiques en période néonatale et surtout en période anténatale ont été établis. Yuval et al [14] ont proposé des facteurs pronostiques applicables à la période anténatale en utilisant les moyens d'imagerie moderne. En appliquant ce score à notre malade, son pronostic s'avère sévère.…”