Prenatal diagnosis of a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation with MR imaging – report of two cases

Dong

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2016

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Fetal MRI has become superior to color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of VGAM in recent years. 5 It was easier to observe the VGAM artery blood supply and affected veins on SSTSE images (black blood sequences). In addition, SSFP imaging (white blood sequence) permits the cardiac chambers and vessels to be clearly imaged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation using fetal MRI

Dong

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2016

“…Fetal MRI is now the preferred modality for diagnosing fetal central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities because of its advantages over ultrasonography[ 2 , 27 , 28 ]. Prenatal MRI and MR angiography can identify the prognostic factors (cardiac failure, polyhydramnios, pericardial and pleural effusion, ascites, fetal hydrops, and brain injury) that affect prenatal counseling and aid in delineating the blood supply to the lesion for planning postnatal management[ 2 , 27 - 29 ]. Yuval et al[ 15 ], while enumerating the prognostic features for VGAMs have suggested that neonates with cardiomegaly, dilated vena cava or jugular vein, retrograde aortic flow and multiple feeder arteries may have a better prognosis if there is immediate intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vein of Galen malformation in a neonate: A case report and review of endovascular management

Puvabanditsin

Mehta

Palomares

et al. 2017

WJCP

Vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) is a rare congenital vascular malformation caused by the maldevelopment of its embryonic precursor, the median prosencephalic vein of Markowski. VOGM results in neonatal morbidity and mortality, and premature delivery does not improve the outcome. We report a term female neonate in whom a vein of Galen malformation was diagnosed prenatally at 37 wk of gestation during a growth ultrasound and confirmed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Signs of cardiac decompensation were evident in the fetus. Multiple interventional radiology embolizations of the feeding vessels were performed successfully on days 7, 10, 12, 14 and 19. A review of the literature on the endovascular management of neonates with these malformations is presented herein.

“…When the fetus matures, the sulci appear ( 27 ). Precise timing of each sulcus is available on atlases, which are used for proper interpretation of fetal brain development ( 12 , 27 , 37 ). An abnormal sulcation pattern may be recognized as numerous sulci that are not expected for a less mature fetus (polymicrogyria) or extremely few sulci (lissencephaly) and cleavage in gray matter extending from the ventricular margin to the brain surface (schizencephaly) in a more mature fetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Central Nervous System Anomalies Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Two-Year Experience

et al. 2016

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is gradually becoming more common for thorough visualization of the fetus than ultrasound (US), especially for neurological anomalies, which are the most common indications for fetal MRI and are a matter of concern for both families and society.ObjectivesWe investigated fetal MRIs carried out in our center for frequency of central nervous system anomalies. This is the first such report in southern Iran.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and seven (107) pregnant women with suspicious fetal anomalies in prenatal ultrasound entered a cross-sectional retrospective study from 2011 to 2013. A 1.5 T Siemens Avanto scanner was employed for sequences, including T2 HASTE and Trufisp images in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes to mother’s body, T2 HASTE and Trufisp relative to the specific fetal body part being evaluated, and T1 flash images in at least one plane based on clinical indication. We investigated any abnormality in the central nervous system and performed descriptive analysis to achieve index of frequency.ResultsMean gestational age ± standard deviation (SD) for fetuses was 25.54 ± 5.22 weeks, and mean maternal age ± SD was 28.38 ± 5.80 years Eighty out of 107 (74.7%) patients who were referred with initial impression of borderline ventriculomegaly. A total of 18 out of 107 (16.82%) patients were found to have fetuses with CNS anomalies and the remainder were neurologically normal. Detected anomalies were as follow: 3 (16.6%) fetuses each had the Dandy-Walker variant and Arnold-Chiari II (with myelomeningocele). Complete agenesis of corpus callosum, partial agenesis of corpus callosum, and aqueductal stenosis were each seen in 2 (11.1%) fetuses. Arnold-Chiari II without myelomeningocele, anterior spina bifida associated with neurenteric cyst, arachnoid cyst, lissencephaly, and isolated enlarged cisterna magna each presented in one (5.5%) fetus. One fetus had concomitant schizencephaly and complete agenesis of the corpus callosum.ConclusionsMRI is superior to ultrasound and physical exam of live births in detection of CNS anomalies. In this investigation within a single referral center in southern Iran, anomalies included Dandy-Walker variant and Arnold-Chiari II as the most common findings. Other findings with lower incidence were complete and partial agenesis of corpus callosum, aqueductal stenosis, anterior spina bifida, schizencephaly, arachnoid cyst, lissencephaly, and isolated enlarged cisterna magna.