Prenatal Corticosteroids: Pretermer Outcomes, Stress, Schizophrenia, Multiple Sclerosis and the Developmental Role of Melatonin and Vitamin D3

Anderson, Geoffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2010.03.005

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Melatonin crosses the placenta freely without being altered (49) , and we can therefore speculate that supplementation with vitamin D during sun-deprived periods may disturb melatonin synthesis. It has been hypothesised that interactions between melatonin, vitamin D, serotonin and cortisol during pregnancy may be important in early offspring developmental aetiology of different diseases via their effect on many organs and tissues (50) . Schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases have been the main foci of this hypothesis, but it is likely that melatonin, vitamin D and serotonin also effect offspring bone heath, as they appear to influence skeletal bones in adults (51)(52)(53)(54) .…”

Section: Hypotheses For a Negative Effect Of Vitamin D Supplementatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted vitamin D status during pregnancy in relation to offspring forearm fractures in childhood: a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort

et al. 2015

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In a prospective cohort study, the association between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring forearm fractures during childhood and adolescence was analysed in 30 132 mother and child pairs recruited to the Danish National Birth Cohort between 1996 and 2002. Data on characteristics, dietary factors and lifestyle factors were collected on several occasions during pregnancy. We analysed the association between predicted vitamin D status, based on a subsample with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) biomarker measurements (n 1497) from gestation week 25, and first-time forearm fractures among offspring between birth and end of follow-up. Diagnoses were extracted from the Danish National Patient Register. Multivariable Cox regression models using age as the underlying time scale indicated no overall association between predicted vitamin D status (based on smoking, season, dietary and supplementary vitamin D intake, tanning bed use and outdoor physical activity) in pregnancy and offspring forearm fractures. Likewise, measured 25(OH)D, tanning bed use and dietary vitamin D intake were not associated with offspring forearm fractures. In mid-pregnancy, 91 % of the women reported intake of vitamin D from dietary supplements. Offspring of women who took >10 µg/d in mid-pregnancy had a significantly increased risk for fractures compared with the reference level of zero intake (hazard ratios (HR) 1·31; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·62), but this was solely among girls (HR 1·48; 95 % CI 1·10, 2·00). Supplement use in the peri-conceptional period exhibited similar pattern, although not statistically significant. In conclusion, our data indicated no protective effect of maternal vitamin D status with respect to offspring forearm fractures.

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Section: Hypotheses For a Negative Effect Of Vitamin D Supplementatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted vitamin D status during pregnancy in relation to offspring forearm fractures in childhood: a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort

et al. 2015

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“…The role of circadian dysregulation in multiple sclerosis (MS) is indicated by the modulation of its course by circadian gene alleles [1], and the increased risk associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the circadian genes Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Like (ARNTL) and Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) [2]. The heightened MS risk linked with latitudes further from the equator has classically been seen as indicative of a role for decreased vitamin D in the etiology and course of MS [3,4,5,6]. However, such data may also be attributed to an irregularity in the circadian rhythm, as supported by an increased risk of MS in shift-workers [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis: Melatonin, Orexin, and Ceramide Interact with Platelet Activation Coagulation Factors and Gut-Microbiome-Derived Butyrate in the Circadian Dysregulation of Mitochondria in Glia and Immune Cells

Anderson¹,

Rodriguez

Reíter

2019

IJMS

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Recent data highlight the important roles of the gut microbiome, gut permeability, and alterations in mitochondria functioning in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). This article reviews such data, indicating two important aspects of alterations in the gut in the modulation of mitochondria: (1) Gut permeability increases toll-like receptor (TLR) activators, viz circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and exosomal high-mobility group box (HMGB)1. LPS and HMGB1 increase inducible nitric oxide synthase and superoxide, leading to peroxynitrite-driven acidic sphingomyelinase and ceramide. Ceramide is a major driver of MS pathophysiology via its impacts on glia mitochondria functioning; (2) Gut dysbiosis lowers production of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate. Butyrate is a significant positive regulator of mitochondrial function, as well as suppressing the levels and effects of ceramide. Ceramide acts to suppress the circadian optimizers of mitochondria functioning, viz daytime orexin and night-time melatonin. Orexin, melatonin, and butyrate increase mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation partly via the disinhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to an increase in acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). Acetyl-CoA is a necessary co-substrate for activation of the mitochondria melatonergic pathway, allowing melatonin to optimize mitochondrial function. Data would indicate that gut-driven alterations in ceramide and mitochondrial function, particularly in glia and immune cells, underpin MS pathophysiology. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activators, such as stress-induced kynurenine and air pollutants, may interact with the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway via AhR-induced cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1, which backward converts melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). The loss of mitochnodria melatonin coupled with increased NAS has implications for altered mitochondrial function in many cell types that are relevant to MS pathophysiology. NAS is increased in secondary progressive MS, indicating a role for changes in the mitochondria melatonergic pathway in the progression of MS symptomatology. This provides a framework for the integration of diverse bodies of data on MS pathophysiology, with a number of readily applicable treatment interventions, including the utilization of sodium butyrate.

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Neuronal–immune interactions in mediating stress effects in the etiology and course of schizophrenia: Role of the amygdala in developmental co-ordination

Anderson¹

2011

Medical Hypotheses

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Prenatal Corticosteroids: Pretermer Outcomes, Stress, Schizophrenia, Multiple Sclerosis and the Developmental Role of Melatonin and Vitamin D3

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Predicted vitamin D status during pregnancy in relation to offspring forearm fractures in childhood: a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort

Predicted vitamin D status during pregnancy in relation to offspring forearm fractures in childhood: a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort

Multiple Sclerosis: Melatonin, Orexin, and Ceramide Interact with Platelet Activation Coagulation Factors and Gut-Microbiome-Derived Butyrate in the Circadian Dysregulation of Mitochondria in Glia and Immune Cells

Neuronal–immune interactions in mediating stress effects in the etiology and course of schizophrenia: Role of the amygdala in developmental co-ordination

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