Prenatal Attachment and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review

Rollé, Luca; Giordano, Maura; Santoniccolo, Fabrizio; Trombetta, Tommaso

doi:10.3390/ijerph17082644

Cited by 75 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…The current study further reported an association between the baby’s age and PND, which is similar to the findings of other studies [ 20 , 33 ]. However, this is contrary to even other studies which found no such association [ 21 , 25 , 28 , 34 ]. The development of PND is complex and the role of each factor is influenced by the existence and mix of other factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Need for Universal Screening for Postnatal Depression in South Africa: Confirmation from a Sub-District in Pretoria, South Africa

Mokwena

Masike

2020

IJERPH

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Although postnatal depression (PND) is a worldwide public health problem, it is relatively higher in developing countries, including countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Postnatal depression is not routinely screened for in primary healthcare facilities in South Africa, despite its reported compromise on mother and child health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of, as well as factors associated with, postnatal depression in a sample of clinic attendees in a sub district in Tshwane, South Africa. A quantitative and cross-sectional survey was conducted in a sample of 406 women in three healthcare facilities. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to collect data from women who had infants between the ages of 0 and 12 months. The cut-off point for the EPDS for the depressed category was a score of 13 out of a maximum of 30. The majority of the women (57.14%, n = 232) had scores of 13 and above, which is indicative of postnatal depressive symptoms. On logistic regression, postnatal depressive symptoms were significantly associated with lack of support in difficult times (p < 0.001, 95% CI 10.57–546.51), not having the preferred sex of the baby (p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.37–0.58), low household income (p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.23–1.67), and an older baby (p = 0.005, 95% CI 1.21–1.49). The results show the high proportion of women who have postnatal depression but remain undiagnosed and untreated, and therefore confirm the need for routine screening for postnatal depressive symptoms in primary healthcare facilities, which are used by the majority of women in South Africa.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Need for Universal Screening for Postnatal Depression in South Africa: Confirmation from a Sub-District in Pretoria, South Africa

Mokwena

Masike

2020

IJERPH

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“…Pregnant women who experience depression during pregnancy become negatively aware of their relationship with the fetus, which also affects the development of the fetus’ growth, which could, in turn, increase the risk of giving birth to low birth weight infants [ 32 , 33 ]. The recent systematic review results have found a significant negative correlation between prenatal depression and maternal–fetal attachment in other cultures [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Mother’s Taekyo, Prenatal and Postpartum Depression, and Infant’s Temperament and Colic: A Longitudinal Prospective Approach

Bang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This longitudinal cohort correlational study aimed to confirm the relation among taekyo or traditional prenatal practice, prenatal depression, postpartum depression, maternal–fetal interaction, and infant temperament and colic using a prospective design. We recruited 212 women 16–20 weeks pregnant from July 2017 to September 2018; they were followed up until six months postpartum. Data from 97 participants were used in the final analysis. We used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Cranley’s Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale, and What My Baby Is Like as measurement tools. We observed a significant correlation between prenatal maternal depression in the first to third trimesters and 6–8 weeks and six months postpartum. In addition, infant temperament at six months old showed a significant negative correlation with prenatal and postpartum depression: the higher the prenatal and postpartum depression level, the more difficult the infant’s temperament. Taekyo practice was significantly related to maternal–fetal attachment (r = 0.45−0.68, p < 0.001). Difficult infants showed more colic episodes than any other type of infant (χ2 = 18.18, p < 0.001). Prenatal and postnatal maternal depression affected infants’ temperament and colic episodes. The management of mothers’ mental health before and after pregnancy is important for infants’ and mothers’ health.

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“…Our results revealed the relationship between attachment avoidance and the prenatal depression score and their effects on the degree of emotional communication and interaction between the mother and the fetus, further providing a basis for understanding the development of maternal-fetal relationships. In addition, prenatal depression symptoms were found to be negatively correlated with prenatal MFA [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mediating role of prenatal depression in attachment and maternal-fetal attachment in women who receive prenatal education

Zhang

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Prenatal depression and attachment are factors that affect the establishment of an intimate relationship between a mother and fetus, and prenatal education plays an important role in helping pregnant women adapt to a maternal role and changes during pregnancy. The study explored differences in prenatal depression and maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) scores between a prenatal education group and no prenatal education group, as well as the effects of maternal depression scores and attachment dimensions on maternal intimacy with the fetus. Methods The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Experience of Close Relationship (ECR) scale, Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) and a general data scale were used to investigate 222 pregnant women who received prenatal education and 118 pregnant women who did not receive prenatal education in the third trimester of pregnancy. An exploratory analysis was performed to analyze the effects of depression score and attachment on MFA in pregnant women who received prenatal education. Results The results showed that pregnant women who received prenatal education had higher MFA and lower depression scores than those who did not receive prenatal education, and prenatal depression partially mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and MFA quality. Conclusions Women who received prenatal education had low prenatal depression scores and high MFA. Maternal depression and attachment avoidance may affect the emotional bond between mother and fetus and should be taken seriously; they can be prevented by prenatal education and early intervention.

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Prenatal Attachment and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review

Cited by 75 publications

References 155 publications

The Need for Universal Screening for Postnatal Depression in South Africa: Confirmation from a Sub-District in Pretoria, South Africa

The Need for Universal Screening for Postnatal Depression in South Africa: Confirmation from a Sub-District in Pretoria, South Africa

Relation between Mother’s Taekyo, Prenatal and Postpartum Depression, and Infant’s Temperament and Colic: A Longitudinal Prospective Approach

Mediating role of prenatal depression in attachment and maternal-fetal attachment in women who receive prenatal education

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