Prenatal and Postnatal Nutrition Influence Pancreatic and Intestinal Carbohydrase Activities of Ruminants

Abstract

In ruminant livestock species, nutrition can play an important role in the long-term programming of gastrointestinal function. Pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzymes are important for postruminal digestion of carbohydrates and protein. Carbohydrases have been shown to respond to changes in the level of feed intake and the dietary inclusion of specific nutrients, including arginine, butyrate, folic acid, fructose, and leucine. Understanding how diet influences enzyme development and activity during prenatal and postnatal life could lead to the development of dietary strategies to optimize offspring growth and development to increase digestive efficiency of ruminant livestock species. More research is needed to understand how changes in fetal or neonatal carbohydrase activities in response to nutrition influence long-term growth performance and efficiency in ruminant livestock species to optimize nutritional strategies.

Modulation of Immunity and Barrier Function in Pre- And Postnatal Animal Ontogenesis. The Characteristics of the Membrane Proteins in the Intestinal Epithelium During Late Fetal Ontogenesis

“…Основні програми, що регулюють динамічні структурнофункціональні зміни у ентероцитах ссавців закладені до народження 5 . Різні локальні і системні фактори здатні стимулювати проліферацію клітин.…”

Nutritional and Physiological Constraints Contributing to Limitations in Small Intestinal Starch Digestion and Glucose Absorption in Ruminants

“…The effects of nutrition on pancreatic exocrine function in ruminants have been reviewed previously [16,54,[82][83][84][85][86][87]. In nonruminants, carbohydrase activities typically increase proportional to luminal substrate flow [88].…”

“…More information is needed to understand how the association between luminal nutrient supply, hormones and neuropeptides, and enzyme activities are coordinated to influence intestinal starch disappearance in ruminants. The effects of individual amino acids on pancreatic exocrine function have been studied predominantly with preruminant calves and lambs [86]. Several amino acids including Arg, Leu, Ile, and Phe have been shown to influence pancreatic α-amylase activity in ruminants.…”

Transcriptomic Profiling of Circular RNAs in the Goat Rumen During Fetal and Prepubertal Period

“…During the fetal life, rumen function is not required as there is no income from the digestive system. During this period, maternal glucose is the primary energy source for the fetus, being even more critical during the last third of gestation when its greatest growth occurs ( Trotta and Swanson, 2021 ). At the end of gestation, the rumen papillae are entirely developed, and its’ surface is keratinized ( Garcia et al, 2012 ).…”