Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism

Burd, Larry; Severud, Robin; Kerbeshian, Jacob; Klug, Marilyn G.

doi:10.1515/jpm.1999.059

Cited by 100 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Even when taking into account the disproportionate percentage of males in the sample, the malefemale ratio in children who met criteria for autism was 3-4:1, which is consistent with past research (Burd, Severud, Kerbeshian, & Klug, 1999;Fombonne, 1999Fombonne, , 2003Steffenburg & Gillberg, 1986). In addition, although the sample in general tended to be mildly globally developmentally delayed, children who met criteria for ASD tended to have more severe delays, which is in line with past research that has suggested that ASD is often co-morbid with severe to profound cognitive impairments (Fombonne, 1999(Fombonne, , 2003Gillberg et al, 1990;Lord & Volkar, 2002;Sigman & Capps, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Symptoms in Children with Molecularly Confirmed 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Fine

Weissman

Gerdes

et al. 2005

J Autism Dev Disord

192

142

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In this study, we assessed the presence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children with a confirmed 22q11.2 deletion (n = 98). The children's caregivers completed screening measures of ASD behaviors, and for those whose scores indicated significant levels of these behaviors, a standardized diagnostic interview (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised; ADI-R) was administered. Results demonstrated that over 20% of children (n = 22) were exhibiting significant levels of autism spectrum symptoms based on the screening measures. Based upon the ADI-R, 14 children qualified for a diagnosis of an ASD, and for 11 of those children a diagnosis of autism was most appropriate. These findings increase our knowledge of developmental disorders associated with the 22q11.2 deletion and point to avenues for future investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Symptoms in Children with Molecularly Confirmed 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Fine

Weissman

Gerdes

et al. 2005

J Autism Dev Disord

192

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The findings of a Swedish study suggested that the pathogenesis of autism may be based on intrauterine and neonatal factors related to deviant intrauterine growth or fetal distress [37]. These results support previous findings by other investigators [38,39]. Perinatal stress may cause significant brain damage and therefore probably be involved in initiating autism.…”

Section: Pre-and Perinatal Factorssupporting

confidence: 81%

Autism-A Multifaceted Diffuse Pathology

Brejlova¹,

Domkarova²,

Stefano³

2015

J Psychiatry

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Journal of Psychiatry AbstractThe causes of pervasive developmental disorders have yet to be resolved. Needless to say, the etiology is complex as are the individual factors, especially in regard to autism. Certain findings may be integrated into early coherent models, but the heterogeneity of findings remains a central feature of autism. The present review examines contemporary areas of research and a few prominent theories specifically dealing with autism. The areas under scrutiny are divided into common academic compartments, such as biological, environmental. Autism represents a very timely topic due to its rising incidence in the population as well as changes in previous concepts occurring at this time. Besides the neurological, biological and epidemiological factors contributing and possibly initiating this disorder we discuss the possible involvement of endogenous morphine, especially in regard to depression and limbic functions. Lastly, we advance the theory that dysfunctional mitochondria appear to be involved in autism as well, explaining the widespread occurrence of its characteristics within the construct of susceptibility to stress and trauma. Thus, the diffuse manifestations of Pervasive Developmental Disorder occur potentially by altering energy processes.

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“…In total, 65 studies 2,8-71 were eligible for inclusion in the review. Two studies 13,28 reporting on the same data set were considered together, resulting in 64 studies for review. This report focuses on the perinatal and neonatal factors because a previous publication 7 reviewed the prenatal exposures.…”

Section: Methods Data Sources and Review Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

2011

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Autism etiology is unknown, although perinatal and neonatal exposures have been the focus of epidemiologic research for more than 40 years. Although studies show that obstetrical and neonatal complications may increase autism risk, the specific complications and magnitude of effect have been inconsistent. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: OBJECTIVE:To provide the first review and meta-analysis of the association between perinatal and neonatal factors and autism risk. METHODS:PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases were searched for studies that examined the association between perinatal and neonatal factors and autism through March 2007. Forty studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. For each exposure, a summary effect estimate was calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity in effect estimates across studies was examined, and, if found, a metaregression was conducted to identify measured methodological factors that could explain between-study variability. RESULTS:Over 60 perinatal and neonatal factors were examined. Factors associated with autism risk in the meta-analysis were abnormal presentation, umbilical-cord complications, fetal distress, birth injury or trauma, multiple birth, maternal hemorrhage, summer birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, congenital malformation, low 5-minute Apgar score, feeding difficulties, meconium aspiration, neonatal anemia, ABO or Rh incompatibility, and hyperbilirubinemia. Factors not associated with autism risk included anesthesia, assisted vaginal delivery, postterm birth, high birth weight, and head circumference. CONCLUSIONS:There is insufficient evidence to implicate any 1 perinatal or neonatal factor in autism etiology, although there is some evidence to suggest that exposure to a broad class of conditions reflecting general compromises to perinatal and neonatal health may increase the risk. Methodological variations were likely sources of heterogeneity of risk factor effects across studies. Pediatrics 2011;128: 344-355

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Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism

Abstract: This methodology may provide an inexpensive method for clinics and public health providers to identify risk factors and to identify maternal characteristics of patients with mental illness and developmental disorders.

Cited by 100 publications

References 27 publications

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Symptoms in Children with Molecularly Confirmed 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Symptoms in Children with Molecularly Confirmed 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Autism-A Multifaceted Diffuse Pathology

Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

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