Prenatal and Perinatal Factors in Etiology and Outcome of Low Birth Weight

Cm, Drillien

doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(18)31289-2

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Two-thirds of the children with cerebral palsy or psychomotor retardation were drawn from the 16% of newborn infants who had birth weights below minus one Standard deviation for their gestational age. Other authors [4,22,23,24,26,33,34,53,62] have also described the high incidence of neurologic and/or developmental handicaps among small-for-gestational age infants. In addition,marked immaturity, traumatic delivery, postnatal asphyxia, and hyperbilirubinemia were found to be relatively minor factors äs related to later neurologic and/or developmental sequelae in the study by SÄBEL [67].…”

Section: Long-term Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article

1977

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Since the early 1960s, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for critically ill newborn infants have been developed both to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality rates and to improve the long-term prognosis for sick neonates. With the implementation of intensive care techniques for neonates, factors known to be associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality and with later neurologic, intellectual, and physical handicaps should be anticipated and thus prevented or at least promptly detected and corrected. These factors include birth asphyxia, hypoxemia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, hypotension, hypothermia, hyperbilirubinemia, starvation, dehydration, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hemostatic abnormalities, and infection. The "hands off attitude toward low birth weight (LBW) newborn infants (birth weight under 2500 grams) prevalent during the 1940s and 1950s has been modified with the advent of NICUs. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of many disease processes affecting high-risk · newborn infants has permitted Institution of gentle but active Intervention to prevent or manage abnormalities. Such Intervention includes provision of a neutral thermal environment; monitoring of blood pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, and

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Section: Long-term Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article

1977

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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“…Others, despite a low birthweight atta in average statu re in adulthood . Some instances of LFD newborn s may be the result of a geneti c predi sposition and these newborn s become normal adult s although of sma ll stature (22,42). Thu s the maternal characteri sti cs can vary which may influ ence the prognos is on the LFD offspring .…”

Section: The Light For Dates (Lfd) Fetuses and Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at 4 years of LFD infants (below the lOth centil) born at term and controls. Drillien (22) states that if LFD infants with congenital anomalies or intrauterine infection are excluded, the incid ence of severe mental and neurologi c handicaps is very low though minor impairments causing behavioral problems and school difficulties may be common . Thi s author has pointed out the importa nce of the environment of rearing on the la ter statu s of LFD infants (20).…”

Section: The Hazards To An Lfd Fe Tus and Newbornmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Significance of Deviations in Fetal Growth

Abdul-Karim

1975

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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R. W. Abdul‐Karim, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, N.Y., USA). The clinical significance of deviations in fetal growth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 257–267, 1975 The most commonly employed standard for fetal growth is that of its weight. Such standards have certain drawbacks in that they are based on the weights of preterm liveborn (hence by definition the product of an abnormal pregnancy and not necessarily reflecting the weight of a fetus remaining in utero) and quite frequently are not available for the specific population of a given neonate. The factors that influence fetal weight include paternal size, particularly maternal weight, altitude, fetal sex, multiple pregnancy and race. The construction of intrauterine growth curves must take these into consideration. The importance of considering fetal weight in relation to its gestational age is now evident. Deviations from normal fetal growth are defined rather arbitrarily. The most commonly used limits are those below or above 2 S.D. from the mean or the 10th and 90th percentiles. Such statistical group‐partal, intrapartal and postpartal prognosis varies as to factors accounting for their growth deviation. This in part explains the varied results reported on the follow‐up of these newborns. Fetuses whose birth weight falls below 2 S.D. or the 10th percentile are termed growth retarded. As a group such fetuses have a higher perinatal mortality and morbidity, and their postnatal growth is compromised. However, such newborns do not represent a homogeneous group and their ante‐partal, intrapartal, and postpartal prognosis varies as to whether the infant was the product of a pregnancy complicated by maternal (e.g. toxemias, diabetes) or fetal (e.g. infection, chromosomal abnormalities) disease or was the result of an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy. In any case the special predilection of growth retarded fetuses to antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal problems warrants intensive assessments during these periods in its development. The growth accelerated (or large for dates) fetus has received less extensive investigation than its counterpart. Such fetuses are often associated with tall heavy mothers or those with certain metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes, hyperthyroidism). Because of their size they can present obstetrical problems and their postnatal development may be jeopardized. However, there is suggestive evidence that some of the uninjured newborns may have an enhanced postnatal development not only in stature, but mentally as well. It is hoped that the currently available experimental model of growth accelerated fetuses may lead to a better understanding of this aspect of fetal development.

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The Growth Retarded Fetus

Warshaw

1979

Clinics in Perinatology

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Prenatal and Perinatal Factors in Etiology and Outcome of Low Birth Weight

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Review article

Review article

The Clinical Significance of Deviations in Fetal Growth

The Growth Retarded Fetus

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