Prenatal and perinatal factors in the etiology of cerebral palsy

Asphyxie périnatale et infirmité motrice d’origine cérébrale (I- Le diagnostic)

“…Facteurs maternels Retard mental, épilepsie, dysthyroïdie, diabète insulino-dépendant, oligospanio-ménorrhée, intervalles longs entre les grossesses, tabagisme [7,11,12] Primiparité et âge supérieur à 35 ans [7] Thrombophilies [13,14] Complications de la grossesse Prématurité [15] Infections virales [16] Chorio-amniotite [17,18] Pré-éclampsie [12,19] Hémorragies antepartum : placenta praevia [11], hématome rétroplacentaire [11,12,20] Grossesses multiples [15,21] …”

“…Fièvre perpartum sans infection prouvée [22] Présentation du siège [7,12,15] Césarienne en urgence ou extraction instrumentale [7] Circulaire serré du cordon [23] …”

“…1), des maladies génétiques, des maladies métaboliques, des encéphalopathies en relation avec hypoglycémie sévère ou une hyperbilirubinémie, ou encore par des atteintes toxiques, alcool, tabac ou cocaïne notamment [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Anesthetic-mediated protection/preconditioning during cerebral ischemia

“…The imbalance between fetal and maternal blood supply ultimately leads to hypo-perfusion, altered autoregulation and/ or hypoxia (Grafe and Kinney, 2002). Furthermore, a number of causes of ischemia at birth have been noted; such as breaching, premature rupture of amniotic membranes, premature separation of the placenta as well as conditions of prolonged hypoxia linked to a diminished blood supply following disruption to the umbilical cord (Torfs et al, 1990). To date, factors such as hypoxia, cerebral ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage and energy failure have been shown to result in cerebral injury (Grow and Barks, 2002).…”

Neuropsychiatric syndromes in adults with intellectual disability: Issues in assessment and treatment

“…In contrast, individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities tend to have higher rates of malformations. For example, in cerebral palsy, major and minor malformations are reported at rates of 41% and 73%, respectively [5].…”