Prenatal and Neighborhood Correlates of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Abstract

This study investigates the link between prenatal exposure to alcohol and drugs, parental perceptions of neighborhood safety and support, and the diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) among a nationally representative sample of youth. A subset of variables from a larger study, the 2001-2004 National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), as well as its supplemental parental surveys, was analyzed in this study. This study used a specific selection of 5,924 adolescents and their parents from the NCS-A. Results suggest a correlation between prenatal caffeine use and a subsequent ODD diagnosis in female adolescents. Overall correlations between neighborhood drug use/sales and minority status and a subsequent diagnosis of ODD in adolescents were also found. Social, environmental, and professional implications of these findings are also discussed.

Prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine exposure and offspring externalising disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Only one study based on smoking and CD was rated as low risk of bias (8 points) and this study did not find evidence for an association between prenatal smoking and CD (28). Two studies rated as very high risk of bias (2-3 points) did not find an association between prenatal smoking and ODD (38, 79). Other studies rated as high risk of bias (4-6 points) found an association between prenatal smoking and offspring CD and ODD (29, 50, 63, 73-76, 78), but two studies were based on cross-sectional or case-control design which cannot prove causality (50, 74) and other four studies used a clinical or hospital referred sample (29, 63, 73, 76).…”

“…Five cohort, longitudinal and cross-sectional studies investigated the association between maternal prenatal alcohol consumption and offspring CD and ODD (N=546-9,719). Four studies were on CD (28, 80, 86, 87) and two on ODD (79, 80). One study observed a positive association with heavier drinking and ODD (80), and two studies found an association between maternal prenatal alcohol consumption and offspring CD (86, 87).…”

“…Three studies investigated the association between maternal prenatal caffeine consumption and offspring ADHD (N=3,627-24,156) (82, 88, 89). One study examined the association with offspring ODD (N=5,924) (79). No evidence for an association was observed between maternal prenatal caffeine consumption and offspring ADHD.…”

Prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine exposure and offspring externalizing disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Among the studies that did not observe an association, one found an indirect effect via neuropsychological functioning, similar to the effect observed for ADHD and CD [ 49 ]. Two studies measured ODD in adolescence (15 years) and adulthood (21 years), where disorder manifestation could differ from childhood [ 77 , 79 ]. One other study was conducted in a small sample ( n = 215) and may have lacked power to detect an effect [ 38 ].…”

“…Only one study based on smoking and CD was rated as low risk of bias (8 points), and this study did not find evidence for an association between prenatal smoking and CD [ 28 ]. Two studies rated as very high risk of bias (2–3 points) did not find an association between prenatal smoking and ODD [ 38 , 79 ]. Other studies rated as high risk of bias (4–6 points) found an association between prenatal smoking and offspring CD and ODD [ 29 , 50 , 63 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 78 ], but two studies were based on cross‐sectional or case–control design which cannot prove causality [ 50 , 74 ] and another four studies used a clinical or hospital‐referred sample [ 29 , 63 , 73 , 76 ].…”