Prenatal alcohol exposure reduces mandibular calcium and phosphorus concentrations in newborn rats

Abstract

Previous studies suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure affects fetal bone development, including bone quality. This study evaluated the chemical composition of mandibles from newborn rats after maternal 20% alcohol consumption before and throughout gestation. Nine rats were initially distributed into three groups: an Alcohol group, Pairfed group, and Control group. The groups were fed prespecified diets for 8 weeks before and the 3 weeks during pregnancy. At age 5 days, eight newborns from each group were euthanized (total, n = 24). Using energy dispersive spectrometry, we evaluated samples of mandibles from newborns to identify changes in bone mineralization, specifically Ca and P concentrations. Ca and P concentrations were lower in the Alcohol group than in the Control and Pair-fed groups (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). In summary, alcohol exposure before and throughout gestation reduces mandibular Ca and P concentrations in newborn rats. (J Oral Sci 58, 439-444, 2016)

Influence of different alcohol intake frequencies on alveolar bone loss in adult rats: A sem study

“…Rat models have been used in investigations about the influence of potential risk indicators/factors of alveolar bone loss such as height ( 11 - 14 , 16 , 19 ) and changed mandibular Ca and P concentrations ( 17 ). Alcohol consumption during pregnancy implies many complications, among them, buccal alterations related to bone tissue changes in newborns.…”

“…Subsequently, the specimens were kept at the final concentration (100%) for 24 hours until the end of the process. Next, they were air-jet dried and stored in a desiccator containing silica gel until they were processed to perform the analysis ( 17 ). This procedure decreased noise during the SEM analysis applied to the specimens.…”

“…They have been used in investigations about the influence of potential risk indicators/factors of diabetes ( 11 ), simultaneous nicotine and alcohol use ( 12 ), alcohol consumption ( 13 , 14 ) and estrogen deficiency ( 15 , 16 ), on periodontium alterations, besides their use to assess changes in the mandibular calcium and phosphorus concentrations in rats ( 17 ). The SEM (scanning electron microscope) method has been more often used to assess dental and periodontal structures ( 17 , 18 ).…”

<p>The Antagonist of Retinoic Acid Receptor α, ER-50891 Antagonizes the Inhibitive Effect of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Rescues Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2-Induced Osteoblastogenic Differentiation</p>

“…24 Furthermore, prenatal alcohol exposure also significantly affects fetal bone development. 25 Apart from these dietary aspects, high-dose ATRA is also given to adult patients to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). 26 For this purpose, oral administration of high dosage (45 mg/m 2 ) of ATRA is conventionally recommended, which results in a median concentration of approximately 1 μM in plasma.…”

All-trans retinoic acid can antagonize osteoblastogenesis induced by different BMPs irrespective of their dimerization types and dose-efficiencies

“… 13 Furthermore, prenatal alcohol exposure also significantly affects fetal bone development. 14 However, the mechanisms accounting for these phenomena remain unclarified. A potential mechanism could be that chronic alcohol abuse significantly increases the concentration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 15 a metabolite of alcohol, resulting in compromised osteoblastogenesis.…”