Prenatal alcohol exposure: An assessment strategy for the legal context

Brown, Natalie Novick; Burd, Larry; Grant, Therese M.; Edwards, William J.; Adler, Richard S.; Streissguth, Ann P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.019

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The lifetime cost of FASD has been estimated to be up to $2 million per individual [12,13] in North America, but Swedish estimates place the societal cost of FAE between €76,000–110,000 per year per individual when factoring in direct (education, psychiatric disorders and alcohol/drug abuse) and indirect (e.g., reduced earning capacity) costs [5]. The overall cost of FASD to the individual and society is likely to be much higher [3,14,15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals affected with FASD display an array of pervasive neurobehavioral deficits affecting adaptive behavior and social competence [3,16,17,18], and these can lead to disrupted school experiences [16,19], drug and alcohol abuse [17,20] and legal issues [14,17]. Affected individuals often exhibit deficits in executive function [21,22], cognition [23] and attention [16,24,25,26,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Affects Progenitor Cell Numbers in Olfactory Bulbs and Dentate Gyrus of Vervet Monkeys

et al. 2016

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Fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) alters hippocampal cell numbers in rodents and primates, and this may be due, in part, to a reduction in the number or migration of neuronal progenitor cells. The olfactory bulb exhibits substantial postnatal cellular proliferation and a rapid turnover of newly formed cells in the rostral migratory pathway, while production and migration of postnatal neurons into the dentate gyrus may be more complex. The relatively small size of the olfactory bulb, compared to the hippocampus, potentially makes this structure ideal for a rapid analysis. This study used the St. Kitts vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabeus) to (1) investigate the normal developmental sequence of post-natal proliferation in the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus and (2) determine the effects of naturalistic prenatal ethanol exposure on proliferation at three different ages (neonate, five months and two years). Using design-based stereology, we found an age-related decrease of actively proliferating cells in the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus for both control and FAE groups. Furthermore, at the neonatal time point, the FAE group had fewer actively proliferating cells as compared to the control group. These data are unique with respect to fetal ethanol effects on progenitor proliferation in the primate brain and suggest that the olfactory bulb may be a useful structure for studies of cellular proliferation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Affects Progenitor Cell Numbers in Olfactory Bulbs and Dentate Gyrus of Vervet Monkeys

et al. 2016

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“…Previous studies (such as Brown et al, 2015) have shown that individuals with FASD have impaired self-control and may be gullible. These characteristics could also make a person a potential victim of crime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies (e.g., Brown et al, 2015) have shown that individuals with FASD have impaired self-control and adaptive behaviour, as well as a reduced ability to understand when their behaviour may harm others. Individuals with FASD may also be gullible, and may have difficulty understanding consequences and abstract concepts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a Canadian study reported an estimation that youths with FASD were 19 times more likely to be imprisoned compared to those without FASD, and that the number of undiagnosed persons in correctional facilities was high (Popova, Stade, Bekmuradov, Lange, & Rehm, 2011). These studies (Brown et al, 2015;Popova et al, 2011;Streissguth et al, 2004) thus show that adults with FASD may have an increased risk of criminal behaviour. However, a recent study from Sweden (Rangmar, Hjern et al, 2015) found that the crime conviction rates among adults with FAS were similar to those of the control group; 28% had a record of court conviction while 6% had been convicted of severe crimes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Self-reported health, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and criminality among adults with foetal alcohol syndrome

Rangmar

Sandberg

Aronson

et al. 2017

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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Aims: To investigate self-reported physical and psychiatric problems, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as conviction, and being a victim, of crime in adults with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Methods: Interviews with 20 adults, aged 30+8 years with FAS diagnosis (65% female) and an age-and-gender-matched comparison group. Measures used were the Addiction Severity Index interview, the Beck Depression Inventory Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale. Results and conclusions: Adults with FAS need healthcare for depression and suicidal ideation, which occurred commonly, but problems with use of alcohol and illicit drugs were not more common in the FAS group. Although self-reported physical health problems were not more common in the FAS group, their number of days with sickness leave indicated that they are often in too poor a physical condition to work. A majority of the FAS group had been victims of crime, which makes this an important topic for further research. The groups did not differ in crime conviction rates. Everyone in the study group had been diagnosed with FAS; a diagnosis may give access to social

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Juvenile Delinquency

Simmes¹,

Mattson

2017

The Encyclopedia of Juvenile Delinquency and Justice

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. There is a broad spectrum of deficits that can occur in children born to women who consume alcohol during pregnancy, including significant structural brain damage and neurobehavioral impairment. Recent prevalence estimates of the entire FASD continuum in the United States are in the range of 2% to 5% of school‐aged children, with 2 to 7 per 1,000 estimated to be affected by fetal alcohol syndrome, which represents the most extreme end of the spectrum. Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with poor impulse control, impaired judgment, and the inability to delay gratification, making FASD relevant across the justice system trajectory from offense and arrest through adjudication and incarceration. Additionally, behavioral impairments common to FASD that may relate to potential for mistreatment in the justice system include diminished capacity, confusing fact from fiction, and false confessions.

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Prenatal alcohol exposure: An assessment strategy for the legal context

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Affects Progenitor Cell Numbers in Olfactory Bulbs and Dentate Gyrus of Vervet Monkeys

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Affects Progenitor Cell Numbers in Olfactory Bulbs and Dentate Gyrus of Vervet Monkeys

Self-reported health, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and criminality among adults with foetal alcohol syndrome

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Juvenile Delinquency

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