“…It was emphasised that insight into the modifiable risk factors of lower lung function and asthma development might provide a window of opportunity for preventive strategies. Recent research presented at the Congress therefore focused on potential risk factors including exposure to environmental factors such as air pollution [36] and phenolic compounds [37], lifestyle factors such as maternal smoking [38] and a selective iron supplementation regime during pregnancy [39], and growth factors including a "low birth size-slower body mass index gain" trajectory [40] and visceral adiposity [41] and their relation with respiratory morbidity. In addition, sophisticated epidemiological approaches to study the combined effect of early life exposures and their relation to respiratory morbidity were discussed.…”