Prematurity and programming of cardiovascular disease risk: a future challenge for public health?

Bayman, Elizabeth; Drake, Amanda J.; Piyasena, Chinthika

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-306742

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…These may be of particular importance in infants born preterm. In addition, preterm infants are vulnerable to these factors acting in early postnatal life (4). Following birth, many preterm infants develop a cumulative protein and energy deficit and exhibit early postnatal growth failure (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Changes in DNA Methylation Occur during the First Year of Life in Preterm Infants

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPreterm birth associates with a substantially increased risk of later cardiovascular disease and neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding underlying mechanisms will facilitate the development of screening and intervention strategies to reduce disease risk. Changes in DNA methylation have been proposed as one mechanism linking the early environment with later disease risk. We tested the hypothesis that preterm birth associates with altered DNA methylation in genes encoding insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5), which appear particularly vulnerable to early life adversity.MethodsFifty preterm infants were seen and assessed at birth, term equivalent age, 3 months and 1-year corrected ages; 40 term infants were seen at birth, 3 months and 1 year. Saliva was collected for DNA extraction at birth, term, and 1 year. Pyrosequencing of bisulfite-converted DNA was performed to measure DNA methylation at specific CpG sites within the IGF2 and FKBP5 loci.ResultsWeight and head circumference was reduced in preterm infants at all time points. Preterm infants had a higher percentage body fat at term-corrected age, but this difference was not persistent. DNA methylation at the differentially methylated region (DMR) of IGF2 (IGF2DMR2) and FKBP5 was lower in preterm infants at birth- and term-corrected age compared to term infants at birth. IGF2DMR2 and FKBP5 methylation was related to birthweight SD score in preterm infants. Among preterm infants, social deprivation was an independent contributor toward reducing DNA methylation at IGF2DMR2 at birth- and term-corrected age and maternal smoking was associated with reduced DNA methylation at FKBP5 at birth. There were no persistent differences in DNA methylation at 1 year of age.ConclusionChanges in DNA methylation were identified at key regions of IGF2/H19 and FKBP5 in preterm infants in early life. Potential contributing factors include maternal smoking and social deprivation. However, these changes did not persist at 1 year of age and further longitudinal studies are required to determine any associations between altered DNA methylation in the perinatal period of individuals born preterm and their long-term health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Changes in DNA Methylation Occur during the First Year of Life in Preterm Infants

et al. 2016

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“…Emerging knowledge on epigenetic influences and other biological changes whereby early life experiences influence later-in-life disease risk are providing insights into some of the physiological mechanisms involved (e.g., Santos and Joles, 2012; Szyf, 2013). In this Special Issue Bickel et al (2014–in this issue) and Hall and Marteau (2014–in this issue) examine how impairments in neuropsychological self-regulatory processes (i.e., executive functions) increase risk of disease and premature death, hypothesizing that they may mediate socioeconomic influences on health as well as Bayman et al (2014); other individual differences. While acknowledging that this area of research is in its early stages and that the relationships in question are complex and multiply determined, both contributions offer the interesting and potentially important hypothesis that impairments in executive functions have a causal influence on health-related behavioral choice and attendant morbidity and mortality risk.…”

Section: Behavior Change Health and Health Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior change, health, and health disparities: An introduction

Higgins

2014

Preventive Medicine

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This Special Issue of Preventive Medicine (PM) focuses on behavior change, health, and health disparities, topics of fundamental importance to improving population health in the U.S. and other industrialized countries. While the U.S. health care system and those of other industrialized countries were developed to manage infectious disease and acute illnesses, it is chronic health conditions that most need to be understood and managed in the 21st century. The evidence is clear that personal behavior patterns like cigarette smoking and physical inactivity/obesity are critically important proximal causes of chronic disease (cardiovascular disease, site-specific cancers, type-2 diabetes) and as such behavior change will need to be a key component of their management. As the outstanding contributions to this Special Issue illustrate, substantial headway is being made in advancing knowledge including developing effective prevention and treatment strategies, with cigarette smoking being an excellent example that change is possible. That said, cigarette smoking continues to be responsible for approximately 480,000 premature deaths annually in the U.S. alone and 5 million globally. So more needs to be done, especially in economically disadvantaged populations. The same certainly applies to the challenges of the obesity epidemic, which of course is a more recent problem and understandably efforts to curtail it are in earlier stages of development.

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“…Although the original epidemiological studies did not distinguish between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and prematurity as a cause of low birth weight, it is increasingly realised that prematurity itself is a major risk factor for the development of NCDs (reviewed in refs. 13 and 14). Interestingly, maternal obesity/overnutrition during pregnancy, which commonly leads to increased birth weight, also associates with adverse offspring health outcomes which, perhaps surprisingly, are similar to those seen with undernutrition.…”

Section: Adverse Environments In Uteromentioning

confidence: 98%

What a general paediatrician needs to know about early life programming

Williams

Drake

2015

Arch Dis Child

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The process whereby early exposure to an adverse environment has an influence on later life outcomes has been called ‘early life programming’. While epidemiological evidence for this has been available for decades, only in recent years have the mechanisms, in particular epigenetic modifications, for this process begun to be elucidated. We discuss the evidence for early life programming, the possible mechanisms, how effects may be transmitted across generations, and conclude by looking at some examples relevant to general paediatrics.

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Prematurity and programming of cardiovascular disease risk: a future challenge for public health?

Cited by 45 publications

References 78 publications

Dynamic Changes in DNA Methylation Occur during the First Year of Life in Preterm Infants

Dynamic Changes in DNA Methylation Occur during the First Year of Life in Preterm Infants

Behavior change, health, and health disparities: An introduction

What a general paediatrician needs to know about early life programming

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