Prematurity and low birth weight lead to altered bone geometry, strength, and quality in children

Longhi, Silvia; Mercolini, Federico; Carloni, L; Nguyen, Lam Thi; Fanolla, Antonio; Radetti, Giorgio

doi:10.1007/s40618-014-0230-2

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…12,942 singleton infants were born at term (≥37 completed weeks). Premature infants were excluded as prematurity is known to effect skeletal development (13). Length of gestation was estimated from the date of the mother’s last menstrual period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Size Is Associated Differentially With Postnatal Bone Size and Density

Holroyd

Osmond

Barker

et al. 2016

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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We investigated relationships between placental size and offspring adolescent bone indices using a population-based, motheroffspring cohort. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) recruited pregnant women from the southwest of England between 1991 and 1993. There were 12,942 singleton babies born at term who survived at least the first 12 months. From these, 8933 placentas were preserved in formaldehyde, with maternal permission for their use in research studies. At the approximate age of 15.5 years, the children underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan (measurements taken of the whole body minus head bone area [BA], bone mineral content [BMC], and areal bone mineral density [aBMD]). A peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scan (Stratec XCT2000L; Stratec, Pforzheim, Germany) at the 50% tibial site was performed at this visit and at approximately age 17.7 years. In 2010 a sample of 1680 placentas were measured and photographed. To enable comparison of effect size across different variables, predictor and outcome variables were standardized to Z-scores and therefore results may be interpreted as partial correlation coefficients. Complete placental, DXA, and pQCT data were available for 518 children at age 15.5 years. After adjustment for gender, gestational age at birth, and age at time of pQCT, the placental area was [-0.20, -0.03], p ¼ 0.01) at age 15.5 years. Similar relationships were observed for placental volume, and after adjustment for additional maternal and offspring covariates. These results suggest that previously observed associations between placental size and offspring bone development persist into older childhood, even during puberty, and that placental size is differentially related to bone size and volumetric density.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Size Is Associated Differentially With Postnatal Bone Size and Density

Holroyd

Osmond

Barker

et al. 2016

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…The adverse effects of LBW on fetuses and newborns may persist throughout the life cycle (25,26). Recent studies have shown that LBW young adults have a higher incidence of short-and long-term dysfunction in several vital organs (27)(28)(29); however, the effect of LBW on the intestinal barrier function of young adults is still not well characterized. In the present study, it was hypothesized that the hindgut epithelial barrier function in LBW pigs was different from the normal BW (NBW) pigs during the growing stage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage

Tao

Bai

et al. 2019

FASEB j.

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The deteriorative effect of low birth weight (LBW) on the mucosal permeability of the small intestine in piglets has been widely confirmed. However, whether the hindgut epithelial barrier function in LBW pigs is deteriorated during the growing stage is still unclear. Our study investigated differences in the hindgut epithelial barrier function between LBW and normal birth weight pigs during the growing stage (d 90). Our data demonstrated that the hindgut epithelium of LBW pigs has a high histopathological score, accompanied by decreased antioxidant capacity and increased apoptosis rate, as well as elevated expression and activity of caspase‐3. In addition, the number of intestinal goblet cells and gene expression of mucin 2 were significantly down‐regulated in LBW pigs. The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO‐1 and occludin) was markedly inhibited by the LBW. The mRNA abundance of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐8 was significantly increased in the hindgut mucosa of LBW pigs. Furthermore, our data revealed that LBW altered the intestinal microbial community in the hindgut mucosa of pigs. Collectively, these finding add to our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for hindgut epithelial barrier dysfunction in LBW pigs during the growing stage and facilitate the development of nutritional intervention strategies.—Tao, S., Bai, Y., Li, T., Li, N., Wang, J. Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage. FASEB J. 33, 9897–9912 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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“…We predicted that birthweight would be positively associated with all measures of bone strength. Previous studies and meta‐analyses of humans have found that higher mass at birth is significantly correlated with tissue mineral density, bone cross‐sectional robusticity, and even muscle strength (Longhi et al, 2015; Schlüssel et al, 2010). However, we found that birthweight was only significantly associated with two of 36 measures examined: TMD of the fibula and yield moment of the femur (Tables S2 and S6; p ≤ 0.044; Figures 2b,‐c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, low birthweight had been shown to independently be associated with compromised motor development (Boonzaaijer et al, 2021;de Kieviet et al, 2009;Pitcher et al, 2011) and low bone tissue mineral density, robusticity, and strength (Longhi et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental factors influencing bone strength in precocial mammals: An infant pig model

et al. 2023

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Prematurity and low birth weight lead to altered bone geometry, strength, and quality in children

Abstract: Children born either prematurely or SGA seem to have smaller and weaker bones. Those born both premature and SGA were the most affected.

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Placental Size Is Associated Differentially With Postnatal Bone Size and Density

Placental Size Is Associated Differentially With Postnatal Bone Size and Density

Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage

Developmental factors influencing bone strength in precocial mammals: An infant pig model

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