Premature pubarche as a first presentation of pituitary macroprolactinoma

Tabatabaei, Fatemeh; Sharif, Mohammad Reza; Esfahani, Hossein Nasr; Zahrani, Razieh Yazdi; Taheri, Abolfazl; Meamar, Rokhsareh

doi:10.4103/jrms.jrms_118_20

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…This strict correlation between prolactin and the adrenal gland has been identified also in the opposite scenario, where prolactin is excessively produced. In fact, Tabatabaei et al described a case of pituitary macroadenoma in which premature pubarche was the first clinical manifestation of the pituitary mass [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed pubarche

2021

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In healthy adolescents, delayed pubarche is generally a benign condition that is caused by a physiological discrepancy between gonadarche and adrenarche. In presence of other clinical signs and symptoms, delayed pubarche can be caused by single or multiple hormones deficiency (such as adrenal insufficiency, panhypopituitarism and hypothyroidism) and/or genetic conditions (Turner syndrome, androgen insensitivity syndrome). Exposition to endocrine disruptors has also been described as a possible cause of delay of pubic hair development. Basic blood tests, karyotype and first level imaging studies are helpful in the differential diagnosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed pubarche

2021

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Prolactin as an adrenocorticotropic hormone: Prolactin signalling is a conserved key regulator of sexually dimorphic adrenal gland function in health and disease

Lalli

Figueiredo²

2022

BioEssays

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A large number of previous reports described an effect of the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) on steroid hormone production by the adrenal cortex. However, those studies remained anecdotal and were never converted into a conceptual and mechanistic framework, let alone being translated into clinical care. In the light of our recently published landmark study where we described PRL signalling as a pivotal regulator of the sexually dimorphic adrenal phenotype in mouse and of adrenal androgen production in humans, we present here the overarching hypothesis that PRL signalling increases the activity of Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1/NR5A1), a transcription factor that has an essential role in adrenal gland development and function, to regulate adrenal cortex growth and hormonal production in physiological and pathological conditions. PRL can then be considered as a bona fide adrenocorticotropic hormone synergizing with ACTH in the endocrine control of adrenal cortex function.

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ACTH and prolactin synergistically and selectively regulate CYP17 expression and adrenal androgen production in human foetal adrenal organ cultures

Schneider,

Ruggiero,

Renault

et al. 2023

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective The essential role of ACTH on the growth and function of the human foetal adrenal (HFA) has long been recognized. In addition, many studies have suggested a role of the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) in the regulation of the HFA, but the effects of this hormone on steroidogenesis and gene expression are still unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of ACTH and PRL on the steroidogenic capacities of the HFA. Design In vitro/ex vivo experimental study. Methods We used a hanging drop in vitro organ culture system. First trimester HFA samples were cultured for 14 days in basal conditions or treated with ACTH, PRL, or a combination of the 2 (3 to 11 replicates depending on the experiment). Steroids were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry or immunoassay, gene expression by RT-qPCR, and protein expression by immunoblot. Results ACTH significantly increased corticosterone, cortisol, and cortisone production, both by itself and when used together with PRL. PRL stimulation by itself had no effect. Combined stimulation with ACTH + PRL synergistically and selectively increased adrenal androgen (DHEAS and Δ4-androstenedione) production and CYP17A1 expression in the HFA, while treatment with each single hormone had no significant effect on those steroids. Conclusions These results have important implications for our understanding of the hormonal cues regulating adrenal steroidogenesis in the HFA during the first trimester in physiological and pathological conditions and warrant further studies to characterize the molecular mechanisms of converging ACTH and PRL signalling to regulate CYP17A1 expression.

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Premature pubarche as a first presentation of pituitary macroprolactinoma

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Delayed pubarche

Delayed pubarche

Prolactin as an adrenocorticotropic hormone: Prolactin signalling is a conserved key regulator of sexually dimorphic adrenal gland function in health and disease

ACTH and prolactin synergistically and selectively regulate CYP17 expression and adrenal androgen production in human foetal adrenal organ cultures

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