Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy

PURPOSE Women who carry a FMR1 premutation are at risk for fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) and should be counseled for a potentially reduced fertility. Multiple factors can affect the age of onset and severity of FXPOI. Here, we assessed the predictive power of several factors with menopausal age, a surrogate measure of onset of FXPOI. METHODS Genetic, environmental and reproductive factors were analysed by Cox proportional hazard models in 1,068 women, 385 of fragile X families ascertained through the Nijmegen study and 683 of fragile X families or general population families ascertained through the Atlanta study. RESULTS The highest association with menopausal age among FMR1 premutation carriers was found for risk index by CGG repeat size (HR 1.43) and smoking (HR 1.34). Women from the Nijmegen cohort showed an overall lower age at menopause onset, for which a correction was made. A prediction model based on these two parameters, mean menopausal age of first degree relatives with the same mutation status and the correction for ascertainment site, estimated the probability of becoming postmenopausal for premutation carriers, with a margin of 7-10%. CONCLUSION We conclude that this model serves as a first step towards clinical application of FXPOI prediction.

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“…12,29-32 In our set of premutation carriers no significant association with menopausal age was seen for these factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Predictors and risk model development for menopausal age in fragile X premutation carriers

Spath

Feuth²,

Smits

et al. 2011

Genetics in Medicine

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“…There was no association found between age at menarche and POF that was consistent with the results of the Italian study, but controversial results can also be retrieved from literature 11,14,15. As in the present study, insufficient or no cases of ovarian surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy existed to investigate existence of association between these factors and POF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In the present study, a history of irregular menstruation was found to be strongly associated with POF. This was in line with a large Italian study reporting that the risk of POF and of early menopause was higher among women reporting lifelong irregular menstrual cycles 11. The present study was a case-control study, and the Italian study was cross-sectional study; however, due to lack of clear-cut temporality assessment, in both cases, caution needs to be taken in interpreting the results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Premature ovarian failure risk factors in an Iranian population

Ghassemzadeh

Farzadi²,

Beyhaghi³

2012

IJGM

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine possible correlates of premature ovarian failure (POF) in an Iranian population.MethodsIn a case-control study, 80 patients with POF were compared with 80 controls enrolled from the same setting during 2007–2008. A food diary was used to assess food consumption habits.ResultsMean age of starting ovarian failure symptoms was 19.3 ± 5.7 years and mean age of menopause was 22.6 ± 6.3 years. Familial coincidence was observed in 16 POF patients versus no one in the control group (P < 0.05). POF patients had lower frequency of both eating red meat and fish when compared with controls (P < 0.001). POF and control subjects consumed similar amounts of dairy products, being 5.3 ± 3.2 times per week in POF and 5.6 ± 2.1 times in the control groups.ConclusionIn this study, an association between POF and lower red meat or fish consumption was found.

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“…This prevalence of premature menopause among HIV-infected women was higher than the reported prevalence of 1.1–6.3% among women in the general population of HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the American Study of Women's Health Across the Nation cohort, although the sampled populations were different demographically [60, 61]. Other reports have noted comparable mean ages at menopause between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women but found a disproportionate number of HIV-infected women with a younger median age for menopause [62, 63].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

HIV and Menopause: A Systematic Review of the Effects of HIV Infection on Age at Menopause and the Effects of Menopause on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy

Imai

Sutton

Mdodo

et al. 2013

Obstetrics and Gynecology International

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More than half of persons living with HIV infection in the United States (U.S.) will be ≥50 years of age by 2020, including postmenopausal women. We conducted a systematic literature review about the effects of (1) HIV infection on age at menopause and (2) menopause on antiretroviral therapy (ART) response, in order to inform optimal treatment strategies for menopausal women living with HIV infection. We used the Ovid Medline database from 1980 to 2012. We included studies that focused on HIV-infected persons, included postmenopausal women, and reported outcome data for either age at menopause or response to ART across menopause. We identified six original research articles for age at menopause and five for response to ART across menopause. Our review revealed that current data were conflicting and inconclusive; more rigorous studies are needed. Disentangling the effects of menopause requires well-designed studies with adequate numbers of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women, especially disproportionately affected women of color. Future studies should follow women from premenopause through menopause, use both surveys and laboratory measurements for menopause diagnoses, and control for confounders related to normal aging processes, in order to inform optimal clinical management for menopausal women living with HIV.

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Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy

Abstract: Nulliparity and lifelong irregular menstrual cycles are associated with an increased risk of preterm ovarian failure.

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Predictors and risk model development for menopausal age in fragile X premutation carriers

Predictors and risk model development for menopausal age in fragile X premutation carriers

Premature ovarian failure risk factors in an Iranian population

HIV and Menopause: A Systematic Review of the Effects of HIV Infection on Age at Menopause and the Effects of Menopause on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy

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