Premature centromere division (PCD) and C-anaphase are well known
phenomena in leukemias. However, their biological significance is not
well understood. We describe the relationship of levels of PCD and
C-anaphase with leukemic phase, blasts, aneuploidy and polyploidy in
children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods Cytogenetic
preparations of bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) cells from 57
children with ALL and 15 healthy children were evaluated. For children
with ALL, cells were examined prior to treatment in the acute phase and
during remission. PCD and C-anaphase designations were assigned to
chromosomal preparations and analyzed. Results The PCD and C-anaphase
levels in BM and PB cells were significantly higher in the acute phase
of ALL and decreased, approaching normal during remission. Strong
correlations were found between PCD levels in PB (r = 0.890) and BM (r =
0.896) cells compared with blast levels in PB cells. Strong correlations
were observed between PB levels of aneuploid (r = 0.832) and polyploid
(r = 0.955) cells compared with PCD levels in PB cells. The C-anaphase
levels in PB (r = 0.139) and BM (r = 0.171) compared with blasts in PB
did not demonstrate a positive correlation. Conclusions Our data
demonstrates that PCD is a cause of genome instability associated with
ALL and that the phenomenon of PCD and C-anaphase provide additional
criteria for diagnosis of ALL and its remission.