Premature Birth and Later Insulin Resistance

Hofman, Paul L.; Regan, Fiona; Jackson, Wendy; Jefferies, Craig; Knight, David B.; Robinson, Elizabeth; Cutfield, Wayne S.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa042275

Cited by 542 publications

(420 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Recently, it was found that the survivors of very preterm birth are already more insulin resistant at the age of 7 years [7]. In line with these observations, we found that HOMA-IR (which normally approximates to 1 in young non-obese persons, if glucose is measured in mmol/l and insulin in mU/l [17]) was relatively high in our study population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Recently, it was found that 7-year-old children born prematurely were more insulin-resistant than age-matched normal controls [7]. The effect of prematurity was irrespective of intrauterine growth, although another study in 6-year-old preterm offspring found higher basal insulin and C-peptide levels in subjects with birthweights below the 10th percentile [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preterm birth and later insulin resistance: effects of birth weight and postnatal growth in a population based longitudinal study from birth into adult life

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis: An increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with low birthweight after full-term gestation, including amplification of this risk by weight gain during infancy and adult body composition. Premature birth is also associated with insulin resistance, but studies conducted so far have not provided follow-up into adulthood. We studied the effects of (1) lower birthweight (as standard deviation score [SDS]) and infancy weight gain on insulin resistance in 19-year-olds born before 32 weeks of gestation, and (2) the interaction be-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm birth and later insulin resistance: effects of birth weight and postnatal growth in a population based longitudinal study from birth into adult life

et al. 2006

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“…One recent small study found that being born extremely preterm (≤32 weeks gestation) was associated with insulin resistance in childhood and that this association was independent of birthweight [2]. Our findings of an association between being born before 37 weeks and adult diabetes, to some extent, confirms this earlier finding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our findings of an association between being born before 37 weeks and adult diabetes, to some extent, confirms this earlier finding. If the findings of this earlier study [2] and those of our study are replicated in other datasets, the increasing number of infants who are born preterm and survive into adulthood may represent an important population-attributable risk for diabetes. There was a tendency in our study for an increased risk of diabetes across the distribution of gestational age, which would suggest that interventions to increase gestational age towards term in all pregnancies might be important in the prevention of diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Lower birthweight is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in studies conducted in populations born in the early part of the 20th century [1]. More recently, a study found that extreme preterm birth (≤32 weeks) was associated with insulin resistance in childhood (age 4-10 years) [2], but to our knowledge, no previous study has examined the association of gestational age with adult diabetes. Childhood BMI has been found to be positively associated with glucose intolerance in childhood [3,4], but few studies have examined its association with later diabetes in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The associations of birthweight, gestational age and childhood BMI with type 2 diabetes: findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine the associations of birthweight, gestational age and childhood BMI (assessed at a mean age of 5 years) with a self-report of a doctor diagnosis of diabetes in middle age. Methods We studied a birth cohort of 5,793 individuals who were born between 1950 and 1956 in Aberdeen, Scotland, and who responded to a questionnaire administered in 2000. Results Birthweight and gestational age were inversely associated with diabetes. These associations remained with additional adjustment for indicators of childhood and adult socioeconomic position, maternal complications of pregnancy, adult smoking, adult BMI and simultaneous adjustment for each other: the adjusted odds ratio per unit increase in birthweight z score was 0.73 (95% CI 0.60-0.88), the odds ratio per week increase in gestational age was 0.91 (95% CI 0.82-1.00) and odds ratio for preterm birth was 2.04 (94% CI 1.18-3.53). The positive association of childhood BMI with diabetes was attenuated on adjustment for adult BMI. Conclusions/interpretationIn this population, who were born in the 1950s, poor intrauterine growth and preterm birth are associated with an increased risk of diabetes.

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Organ Transplantation and Regulation in China

Trey¹,

Halpern²,

Singh³

2011

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

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Moreover, the DHEA that is found within brain tissue is not derived from the peripheral circulation but is formed de novo from its steroid precursor, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, and then broken down to increase local levels of sex hormones. 4 Peripheral measurements of these hormones may thus not be representative of levels found within the areas of the brain responsible for sexuality and sexual function.The authors may be correct in their statement that DHEA and DHEAS provide a large precursor pool for peripheral sex hormones, but their role and their effects on brain function remain undetermined. Ketan Dhatariya, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, MD, MS ketan.dhatariya@nnuh.nhs.uk Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust Norwich, Norfolk, England Financial Disclosures: None reported. 1. Davis SR, Davison SL, Donath S, Bell RJ. Circulating androgen levels and selfreported sexual function in women. JAMA. 2005;294:91-96. 2. Liu D, Dillon JS. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates endothelial cell nitric-oxide synthase by a specific plasma membrane receptor coupled to G i2,3 . J Biol Chem. 2002;277:21379-21388. 3. Meikle AW, Dorchuck RW, Araneo BA, et al. The presence of a dehydroepiandrosterone-specific receptor binding complex in murine T cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1992;42:293-304. 4. Baulieu EE, Robel P. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as neuroactive neurosteroids.

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Premature Birth and Later Insulin Resistance

Abstract: Like children who were born at term but who were small for gestational age, children who were born prematurely have an isolated reduction in insulin sensitivity, which may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cited by 542 publications

References 33 publications

Preterm birth and later insulin resistance: effects of birth weight and postnatal growth in a population based longitudinal study from birth into adult life

Preterm birth and later insulin resistance: effects of birth weight and postnatal growth in a population based longitudinal study from birth into adult life

The associations of birthweight, gestational age and childhood BMI with type 2 diabetes: findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort

Organ Transplantation and Regulation in China

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