Preludes to dark energy: zero-point energy and vacuum speculations

Kragh, Helge

doi:10.1007/s00407-011-0092-3

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…17 It is now known that Lemaître considered many other expansion models in the draft of this paper, but selected the one closest to empirical observation 1916). Noting that the energy associated with this phenomenon would in principle be infinitely large, Nernst estimated a value of = 150 / 3 for the energy density of the cosmic vacuum from the Rayleigh-Jeans law of radiation by imposing a cut-off for frequencies above 10 20 Hz (Nernst 1916;Kragh 2012). It should be noted that Nernst's calculations were based on the concept of the ether; in his view, atoms of the chemical elements appeared out of the fluctuations of the ether, and these atoms and their radioactive decay products would later disappear in the zero-point energy of the ethereal sea (Nernst 1921;Kragh 2012).…”

Section: Zero-point Energy and The Quantum Vacuummentioning

confidence: 99%

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One hundred years of the cosmological constant: from “superfluous stunt” to dark energy

O'Raifeartaigh

O’Keeffe

Nahm

et al. 2018

EPJ H

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We present a centennial review of the history of the term known as the cosmological constant. First introduced to the general theory of relativity by Einstein in 1917 in order to describe a universe that was assumed to be static, the term fell from favour in the wake of the discovery of the expanding universe, only to make a dramatic return in recent times. We consider historical and philosophical aspects of the cosmological constant over four main epochs; (i) the use of the term in static cosmologies (both Newtonian and relativistic): (ii) the marginalization of the term following the discovery of cosmic expansion: (iii) the use of the term to address specific cosmic puzzles such as the timespan of expansion, the formation of galaxies and the redshifts of the quasars: (iv) the re-emergence of the term in today's Λ-CDM cosmology. We find that the cosmological constant was never truly banished from theoretical models of the universe, but was marginalized by astronomers for reasons of convenience. We also find that the return of the term to the forefront of modern cosmology did not occur as an abrupt paradigm shift due to one particular set of observations, but as the result of a number of empirical advances such as the measurement of present cosmic expansion using the Hubble Space Telescope, the measurement of past expansion using type SN 1a supernovae as standard candles, and the measurement of perturbations in the cosmic microwave background by balloon and satellite. We give a brief overview of contemporary interpretations of the physics underlying the cosmic constant and conclude with a synopsis of the famous cosmological constant problem.

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Section: Zero-point Energy and The Quantum Vacuummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pauli's calculation was never published but is described in(Enz and Thellung 1960) and has been reconstructed in(Straumann 1999(Straumann , 2002. 20 See(Rugh and Zinkernagel 2002) or(Kragh 2012) for further details.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

One hundred years of the cosmological constant: from “superfluous stunt” to dark energy

O'Raifeartaigh

O’Keeffe

Nahm

et al. 2018

EPJ H

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“…In this context, it is worth mentioning the long-time scepticism of Wolfgang Pauli about reality of the zero-point energy of vacuum in free space. As an argument he cited the estimate of radius of the world in Einstein model: with the energy of vacuum obtained from that-time data on elementary particles the radius of world would never reach the radius of Moon orbit [Kragh 2012].…”

Section: Problems Of Physical Interpretation Of λmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The history of the idea and its development are described in the paper[Kragh 2012]. 8 He was born in Kyiv in 1923, as a student survived the blockade of Leningrad, fought in the World War II, lost his hand, survived to pass through the hell of Stalin prison camps and later to propose the key idea of inflationary models of the Universe.…”

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confidence: 99%

Century of Λ

Novosyadlyj¹

2018

EPJ H

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The cosmological constant was proposed 100 years ago in order to make the model of static Universe, imagined then by most scientists, possible. Today it is the main candidate for the physical essence causing the observed accelerated expansion of our Universe. But, as well as a hundred years ago, its nature is unknown. This paper is devoted to the story of invention of Λ by Albert Einstein in 1917, rejection of it by him in 1931 and returning of it into the great science by other scientists during the century. The aim is to once again emphasize prominent role of cosmological constant in the development of ideas of modern physics and cosmology, focusing on the main points and publications, the choice of which may have a certain part of subjectivity.

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“…[3] There are numerous printed materials dealing with existence of ZPE and events associated with it. [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Completion and operational testing of the Adams' permanent magnet electric D.C. motor-generator

Koutny

Kacor

2015

2015 16th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)

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This paper focuses on description of the operation principle inherent to the Adams' electric motor-generator fitted with permanent magnets made of rare earth (NdFeB). There is a certain part dedicated to distribution of the magnetic field within the magnetic circuit of rotor and stator monitoring by means of the Ansys Workbench software. The Adams' motor generator is basically assembled with slight deviations from the original patent with respect to the stator magnetic circuit design. The resultant speed-torque characteristics obtained by measurement and the input power values have been processed to determine the machine's efficiency.

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Preludes to dark energy: zero-point energy and vacuum speculations

Cited by 23 publications

References 104 publications

One hundred years of the cosmological constant: from “superfluous stunt” to dark energy

One hundred years of the cosmological constant: from “superfluous stunt” to dark energy

Century of Λ

Completion and operational testing of the Adams' permanent magnet electric D.C. motor-generator

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