Prelithiation: A Critical Strategy Towards Practical Application of High‐Energy‐Density Batteries

Abstract

To meet the demand for high‐energy‐density batteries, alloy‐type and conversion‐type anode materials have attracted growing attention due to their high specific capacity. However, the huge irreversible lithium loss during initial cycling significantly reduces the energy density of the full cell, which limits their practical applications. Fortunately, various anode prelithiation techniques have been developed to compensate for the initial lithium loss. At the same time, the cathode prelithiation has been proposed and demonstrated remarkable enhancement in the electrochemical performance, along with excellent scalability and compatibility with the existing battery production processes. Here, recent advances are reviewed in the prelithiation of both anodes and cathodes, and the key challenges are discussed in front of their practical applications. It is aimed to provide better recommendations and assistance for its large‐scale practical applications.

Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials: Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

“…With the fast development of consumer digital electronic devices, such as mobile phones, portable computers, and digital cameras, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy densities are in high demand. , Exploring materials with higher specific capacities is the core of developing high-energy-density LIBs . Compared to the conventional anode material, graphite (372 mA h g –1 ), the most explored layered TMD, MoS 2 , has gained intensive research attention as the potential anode material for LIBs owing to its high theoretical Li storage capacity of 670 mA h g –1 .…”

Organic Electrode Materials for Dual‐Ion Batteries

“…Recently, numerous efforts [30,31] have been made to enhance the specific capacity, stability, energy density and reduce the cost of LIBs. However, the energy density of the current mainstream LIBs is still at 200-300 Wh • kg À 1 , [32] which cannot satisfy the requirement for large-scale energy storage devices. In addition, the consumption of lithium, cobalt, nickel and other raw materials, as well as their rising prices make it increasingly difficult to meet the needs of commercial activities.…”

Advanced engineering strategies for Li2S cathodes in lithium–sulfur batteries

“…An alternative to these issues is to employ the fully pre-lithiated sulfur, that is, lithium sulde (Li 2 S). [28][29][30] In contrast to sulfur, the Li 2 S cathode can be paired with Li-free anodes like graphite, silicon, or tin, thus removing the necessity for troublesome lithium metal anodes. [31][32][33] Li 2 S also has a mass-specic capacity of 1166 mA h g −1 , a volume-specic capacity of 1937 mA h cm −3 , and a theoretical specic energy of 1166 W h kg −1 .…”