Preliminary validation of the pica, ARFID and rumination disorder interview ARFID questionnaire (PARDI-AR-Q)

Abstract

Background The Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI) is a structured interview that can be used to determine diagnosis, presenting characteristics, and severity across three disorders, including avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire focused specifically on ARFID (PARDI-AR-Q), which has the potential to provide related information with less participant burden. Methods Adolescents and adults (n = 71, ages 14–40 years) with ARFID (n = 42) and healthy control participants (HC, n = 29) completed the PARDI-AR-Q and other measures. A subset of the ARFID group (n = 27) also completed the PARDI interview. Results An exploratory factor analysis of proposed subscale items identified three factors corresponding to the ARFID phenotypes of avoidance based on the sensory characteristics of food, lack of interest in eating or food, and concern about aversive consequences of eating. Further analyses supported the internal consistency and convergent validity of the PARDI-AR-Q subscales, and subscale ratings on the questionnaire showed large and significant correlations (all p-values < 0.001; r’s ranging from 0.48 to 0.77) with the corresponding subscales on the interview. The ARFID group scored significantly higher than HC on all subscales. Furthermore, 90% of the ARFID group scored positive on the PARDI-AR-Q diagnostic algorithm while 93% of the HC scored negative. Conclusions Though replication in larger and more diverse samples is needed, findings provide early support for the validity of the PARDI-AR-Q as a self-report measure for possible ARFID in clinical or research settings.

Development of a brief cognitive‐behavioral treatment for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in the context of disorders of gut–brain interaction: Initial feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes

“…The Part 2 observational study also included a battery of additional self‐report measures at pre‐, mid‐, and posttreatment. The Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview, ARFID Questionnaire (PARDI‐AR‐Q) is a 32‐item measure based on the interview version that assesses presence of ARFID and four subscales (ARFID severity of impact, ARFID sensory sensitivity, ARFID lack of interest in eating, ARFID fear of adverse consequences; each range = 0–6), with higher scores indicating higher ARFID symptoms (Bryant‐Waugh et al, in press). The Short Form Nepean Dyspepsia Index Quality of Life (SF‐NDI‐QOL) has 10 quality of life items rated in the past 2 weeks (1 = not at all to 5 = extremely) summed into five subscales (tension, interference with daily activity, eating/drinking, knowledge/control, work/study; each range = 2–10) and summed into a total score, with higher scores indicating poorer quality of life (Talley et al, 2001).…”

A Scoping Review of Psychological Interventions and Outcomes for Avoidant and Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

“…Additionally, the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI) has been developed as a clinical interview tool to assess ARFID (Bryant-Waugh et al, 2019). Given its length, its use in routine clinical settings may not be practical (Bryant-Waugh et al, 2022). Consequently, the Pica, ARFID, and rumination disorder interview ARFID questionnaire (PARDI-AR-Q), focusing on the psychopathology of ARFID, has been developed as a self-and parent-report questionnaire, with preliminary support for its validity and reliability (Bryant-Waugh et al, 2022).…”

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder prevalence is high in children with gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia

“…The PARDI‐AR‐Q is a 32‐item measure preliminarily validated in children ≥14 years 17 . A positive screen includes endorsement to “Do you think you have a problem with eating, involving avoidance or restriction of foods or your eating overall?” (yes/no) and presence of ≥1 of the following: (1) weight loss/failure to gain weight; (2) significant nutritional deficiency; (3) dependence of enteral feeding/nutritional supplements; (4) psychosocial impairment 17 . We also used the PARDI‐AR‐Q three subscales, “Sensory Aversion,” “Lack of Interest,” and Fear of Aversive Consequences,” each rated 0–6; higher scores indicating greater severity 17 …”

“…A formal diagnosis of ARFID is based on DSM‐5 criteria requiring a prolonged interview with a psychiatrist or psychologist. Self‐report screening instruments for ARFID preliminarily validated in children were administered to all participants – the Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS) 16 and the Pica, ARFID, Rumination Disorder Interview‐Questionnaire (PARDI‐AR‐Q) 17 …”