Preliminary validation of a clinical scale for measuring the duration of post‐traumatic amnesia

Shores, E. Arthur; Marosszeky, J. E.; Sandanam, Joseph; Batchelor, Jennifer

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb112311.x

Cited by 333 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The following demographic and injury related information was gathered from participants' hospital files and included as predictor variables: age, gender, years of education, pre-injury employment status (employed/student vs unemployed), pre-injury history of psychiatric disorder (yes/no) as reported by the participant in a structured intake interview and PTA duration, measured prospectively with the Westmead PTA scale 24. In addition, information regarding the presence or absence of injuries to the face, abdomen, spine, limb and chest was obtained from the 1 year follow-up interview.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of functional and employment outcome 1 year after traumatic brain injury: a structural equation modelling approach

Schönberger

Ponsford

Olver

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of functional and employment outcome 1 year after traumatic brain injury: a structural equation modelling approach

Schönberger

Ponsford

Olver

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…Analyses compared the dysautonomia group and the matched control group on baseline characteristics (age, sex, mode, and severity of injury), acute physiological and clinical presentation (maximum temperature and heart and respiratory rate, and white blood cell count over a 4 week acute recovery period; the presence or absence of tone, sweating, posturing, diffuse axonal injuries, brainstem injury, and preadmission hypotension and hypoxia) and outcome data (duration of stay in intensive care unit, rehabilitation and total time in hospital, Glasgow outcome scale (GOS),17 duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA; utilising the Westmead PTA scale)18 and functional independence measure (FIM)19 scores on admission and discharge).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysautonomia after traumatic brain injury: a forgotten syndrome?

Baguley

Nicholls

Felmingham

et al. 1999

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

189

160

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Objectives-To better establish the clinical features, natural history, clinical management, and rehabilitation implications of dysautonomia after traumatic brain injury, and to highlight diYculties with previous nomenclature. Methods-Retrospective file review on 35 patients with dysautonomia and 35 sex and Glasgow coma scale score matched controls. Groups were compared on injury details, CT findings, physiological indices, and evidence of infections over the first 28 days after injury, clinical progress, and rehabilitation outcome. Results-the dysautonomia group were significantly worse than the control group on all variables studied except duration of stay in intensive care, the rate of clinically significant infections found, and changes in functional independence measure (FIM) scores. Conclusions-Dysautonomia is a distinct clinical syndrome, associated with severe diVuse axonal injury and preadmission hypoxia. It is associated with a poorer functional outcome; however, both the controls and patients with dysautonomia show a similar magnitude of improvement as measured by changes in FIM scores. It is argued that delayed recognition and treatment of dysautonomia results in a preventable increase in morbidity. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67:39-43)

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“…Clinical ratings are used in the GOAT and OGMS. In developing their scale, the Westmead group10 opted to adapt the Oxford procedure9 (using the presentation of three pictures and the examiner's face and name, all to be recalled the following day), in preference to using the GOAT method (recall of the earliest valid post-trauma memory). Like the GOAT, the Westmead scale has the apparent advantage of providing an operational definition of the end of PTA.…”

Section: Methods Of Measuring Memory During Ptamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Competing instruments are available, including the Galveston orientation and amnesia test (GOAT),1 the scale described by Fortuny and colleagues from Oxford,9 the Westmead PTA scale10 and its derivatives,11 12 and orientation group monitoring system (OGMS) 1314 Few comparative studies of these PTA scales have been conducted however, an exception being that by Mysiw et al 15 comparing the GOAT and OGMS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution of disorientation and amnesia during post-traumatic amnesia

Tate

Pfaff²,

Jurjevic³

2000

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &Amp; Psychiatry

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Objectives-Despite the growing number of instruments for the prospective measurement of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury, fundamental issues about the natural history of its resolution and methods of examination remain unresolved. The aims of the present study were to: (1) examine the sequence of resolution of disorientation and amnesia, and (2) determine if the method of measuring the memory component aVected the duration of PTA. Methods-The sample comprised 31 severely injured patients admitted to a brain injury rehabilitation unit who were examined daily until they emerged from PTA. They were administered a composite PTA scale, covering orientation and memory items from standard PTA scales. Patients were consecutively allocated to one of two groups according to the method of measuring the memory component. Each group was administered identical materials with a diVerent procedure. Results-The most common sequence for resolution of disorientation in both groups was person, followed by place, then time. Overall, amnesia resolved before disorientation in 94% of cases. Correlation coefficients between return of components of orientation and memory were all highly significant, ranging from r=0.81 to 0.93. Significant variability occurred in the number of days to emerge from PTA according to the scale used. There was evidence that the method of measuring memory influenced the patient's capacity to consistently sustain criterion scores on the scale. Conclusions-These results are contrary to findings in mildly injured patients, in whom orientation usually returns before memory. They also demonstrate that the duration of PTA will be dictated by the method used. These findings raise validity issues with respect to the prospective measurement of PTA, and in particular determining when an individual patient has emerged from PTA, which require further investigation.

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Preliminary validation of a clinical scale for measuring the duration of post‐traumatic amnesia

Cited by 333 publications

References 11 publications

Prediction of functional and employment outcome 1 year after traumatic brain injury: a structural equation modelling approach

Prediction of functional and employment outcome 1 year after traumatic brain injury: a structural equation modelling approach

Dysautonomia after traumatic brain injury: a forgotten syndrome?

Resolution of disorientation and amnesia during post-traumatic amnesia

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