Preliminary study on Fe Gd alloys as binary alloys and master alloys for potential spent nuclear fuel (SNF) application

Lee, Sangwook; Ahn, Jae Hoon; Moon, Byung-Moon; Kim, DongEung; Oh, Seung Jin; Kim, Young‐Jig; Jung, Hyun‐Do

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108906

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The following supporting information can be downloaded from www.mdpi.com/xxx/s1-Table S1: Neutron absorbing cross-sections of Fe and Gd. In our previous paper, the thermal neutron transmission ratio of the Fe alloy with 1 wt% of Gd was found to be similar to that of the Al composite with 30 vol% of boron carbide (B 4 C), which is extensively researched as a thermal-neutron-absorbing and -shielding material [1]. It is important to highlight that even a small amount of Gd can effectively absorb thermal neutrons.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The evaluation of the neutron-absorbing capacity of the fabricated alloys in this study followed a previously established method [1]. In essence, we employed the Beer-Lambert Law to theoretically calculate the neutron transmission ratio, as expressed below [24]:…”

Section: Alloy Design and Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N denotes the atom density, σ signifies the total crosssection, and t stands for the thickness of the neutron absorber. To determine the atom density (N) of each element (x), we used the following formula [1]:…”

Section: Alloy Design and Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) generated by nuclear reactors has the inherent capability to undergo spontaneous fission, resulting in the emission of intense neutrons and gamma rays [1][2][3][4]. These emissions pose significant radiation risks to both individuals and the surrounding environment, necessitating careful and proper disposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Various Stainless Steels Containing Gadolinium as Thermal Neutron Absorbing and Shielding Materials

Oh,

Ahn,

Jung

et al. 2023

Metals

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Developing next-generation thermal-neutron-shielding and -absorbing materials for the safe storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuel is a topic of active research in academia. Gadolinium (Gd) boasts superior neutron absorption capacity compared with other nuclei. Consequently, it has garnered significant attention as a potential replacement for boron in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) applications. In this study, the austenitic stainless steels 304 and 316 and the duplex stainless steel 5A were reinforced with 2 wt.% of gadolinium to explore their thermal-neutron-absorbing efficiency. Their properties were then compared with commercial-grade borated stainless steel, as per ASTM standard A887. After the inclusion of Gd, both the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloys slightly increased, which was attributed to the evenly distributed Gd intermetallics within the matrix. However, the elongation rate was reduced. The Charpy impact absorption energy also decreased. The influence of the Gd intermetallic was further explored by examining the fractography. While the corrosion resistance of the alloy slightly diminished after the addition of Gd, its neutron absorption capacity demonstrated superior performance, especially when the Gd content was equivalent to that of boron. Although most properties of the experimental alloy deteriorated after the Gd addition, they still outperformed commercial borated stainless steel, suggesting that this alloy might be a promising candidate for SNF applications.

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Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Alloy Design and Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alloy Design and Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Various Stainless Steels Containing Gadolinium as Thermal Neutron Absorbing and Shielding Materials

Oh,

Ahn,

Jung

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…For example, polymer-based shielding materials cannot withstand higher temperatures (e.g., 200 °C) due to their high H content [ 88 ]. In contrast, metallic materials are widely used as structural materials in the storage and transportation of SNFs given their high thermal stability, mechanical strengths, and corrosion resistance [ 89 ].…”

Section: Gd-containing Metallic Neutron Shielding Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Gd-Containing Materials for Neutron Shielding Applications: A Review

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Materials

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With the rising demand for nuclear energy, the storage/transportation of radioactive nuclear by-products are critical safety issues for humans and the environment. These by-products are closely related to various nuclear radiations. In particular, neutron radiation requires specific protection by neutron shielding materials due to its high penetrating ability to cause irradiation damage. Herein, a basic overview of neutron shielding is presented. Since gadolinium (Gd) has the largest thermal neutron capture cross-section among various neutron absorbing elements, it is an ideal neutron absorber for shielding applications. In the last two decades, there have been many newly developed Gd-containing (i.e., inorganic nonmetallic-based, polymer-based, and metallic-based) shielding materials developed to attenuate and absorb the incident neutrons. On this basis, we present a comprehensive review of the design, processing methods, microstructure characteristics, mechanical properties, and neutron shielding performance of these materials in each category. Furthermore, current challenges for the development and application of shielding materials are discussed. Finally, the potential research directions are highlighted in this rapidly developing field.

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Corrosion behavior of neutron absorbing Ti-Gd alloys in simulated spent nuclear fuel pool water

2022

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Preliminary study on Fe Gd alloys as binary alloys and master alloys for potential spent nuclear fuel (SNF) application

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Characterization of Various Stainless Steels Containing Gadolinium as Thermal Neutron Absorbing and Shielding Materials

Characterization of Various Stainless Steels Containing Gadolinium as Thermal Neutron Absorbing and Shielding Materials

Recent Progress in Gd-Containing Materials for Neutron Shielding Applications: A Review

Corrosion behavior of neutron absorbing Ti-Gd alloys in simulated spent nuclear fuel pool water

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