Preliminary Studies on the Development of Lime-based Mortar with Added Egg White

Abstract

Lime is among the binding agents used in binding masonry units, such as brick, in many historical buildings around the world. Its physical strength, mechanical strength, and durability properties, as well as its raw material composition, can play substantial roles in the structural behavior of historic buildings. The production technologies may also differ according to their specific use in the structural layout. Hence, the characteristics of lime mortars are of interest in the assessment of the structural characteristics of historic buildings. In addition, the determination of characteristics of lime mortars is also important for the production of intervention mortars to be used in the restoration of historic buildings. This research focused on the effects of egg white on lime mortar's physical and mechanical properties. Five mixes were prepared by maintaining a constant lime-sand-water ratio of 1:2:0.035. As the binder material, the control mixture comprised only lime putty, while various percentages of egg white in the range of 2-10% were used to prepare the remaining mixtures. An experiment was then performed with different percentages of egg white to examine the lime mortar's axial compressive and flexural strength, as well as the water absorption. The results indicated that the compressive and flexural strength of the lime mortar increased with the increasing percentage of egg white added into lime mortar until the mixture reached 6% egg white. The addition of 8% and 10% egg white made the compressive and flexural strength start to decrease. Lime mortar that contains 6% egg white had the highest compressive and flexural strength compared to the other mix design groups. The axial compressive strength and bending strength of lime mortar can also be influenced by the air pores.

Sticky rice–nanolime as a consolidation treatment for lime mortars

“…Nanolime was synthesized through an anionic exchange process carried out at room temperature and ambient pressure by mixing under moderate stirring an anion exchange resin (Dowex Monosphere 550A OH by Dow Chemical) with an aqueous calcium chloride solution (CaCl 2 by Sigma-Aldrich), as described in the literature [34,35]. After the synthesis, the newly synthetized nanoparticles of Ca(OH) 2 were dispersed in a 50-50% isopropanol/water solvent maintaining the concentration at 5 g/L, as this was found to be the optimal alcohol/water ratio [24,35]. A description of morphology, reactivity and colloidal stability of this nanolime can be found in the latter reference.…”

“…Lime mortars have been used since historic times and to improve their texture and durability organic additives were included [1]. For example, oil from various sources, i.e., olive, linseed, or tallow, to make them water-repellent especially for limewashes; casein or blood as plasticizers; sugar, as setting retardants; egg white [2] to improve workability, and hair to increase their mechanical resistance. The selection of additives depended on the availability of the product, so olive oil was used in Mediterranean countries, such as Portugal and Italy, sugar in Brazil, and tallow in countries where sheep or cattle were abundant.…”

Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete Reinforced with Raw Mesocarp Fibre

“…There are some advantages of using fibre introduced into the concrete, such as the resulting composites offering more flexural strength compared to that of a reinforcement bar [17,18]. Besides, it will increase the impact toughness and post-failure integrity [19] and enhance the bending strength of the composites [20,21].…”

Optimization of mechanical properties in foamcrete reinforced with raw oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber

“…The oil palm industry in Malaysia is over half of the world's total palm oil today, since Malaysia produces about 17.7 million tons of palm oil on 4.5 million hectares of land made agricultural waste from oil palm is high [1]. There are at least 417 productive palm oil extraction mills nationwide [2,3] and more than 22.4 million tons of the empty fruit bunch (EFB) as solid waste (green weight) was generate by these mills yearly [4,5]. During the palm oil, a considerable amount of solid waste in the form of fibers, EFB, kernel shells are produced [6,7].…”