Preliminary Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin in Ball Pythons (Python Regius)

Abstract

Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in two male and four female adult ball pythons (Python regius) was determined after i.v. and p.o. administration of a single dose. Using a crossover design, each snake was given a single 10 mg/kg dose of marbofloxacin i.v. and p.o. Blood samples were collected prior to and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr after marbofloxacin administration. Marbofloxacin was quantitated by use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Following p.o. administration, marbofloxacin had a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 9.40 microg/ml and a time to Cmax (Tmax) of 9.0 hr. Based on the plasma pharmacokinetics generated in this study and pending any further studies to evaluate potential toxicity and multi-dose pharmacokinetics, we suggest a dosage for marbofloxacin in ball pythons of 10 mg/kg p.o. at least every 48 hr, depending on the sensitivity of the pathogen and as a basis for further research.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of marbofloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after oral administration

“…Therefore, pharmacokinetics and residue elimination studies are important in determination of optimal dosage regimens and in establishing a safe withdrawal time. The PK of MBF has been studied extensively in many animal species, including sows (Petracca, Riond, Graser & Wanner 1993), cattle (Thomas, Deleforge & Boisrame 1994; Aliabadi & Lees 2002; Ismail & El‐Kattan 2007), dogs (Schneider, Thomas, Boisrame & Deleforge 1996; Frazier, Thompson, Trettien & Evans 2000; Heinen 2002; Bidgood & Papich 2005), cows, ewes (Shem‐Tov, Ziv, Glickman & Saran 1997), birds of prey (Garcia‐Montijano, Waxman, Sánchez, Quetglas, San Andrés, González & Rodriguez 2001; Garcia‐Montijano, González, Waxman, Sánchez, De Lucas, San Andrés & Rodriguez 2003; Garcia‐Montijano, Waxman, De Lucas, Luaces, Zalba, González, San Andrés & Rodriguez 2006), goats (Waxman, Rodriguez, Gonzalez, De Vicente, San Andres & San Andres 2001; Waxman, San Andres, Gonzalez, de Lucas, San Andrés & Rodriguez 2003; Waxman, San Andres, Gonzalez, san Andrés, de Lucas & Rodriguez 2004, 2007), broiler chickens (Anadon, Martinez‐Larranaga, Diaz, Martinez, Frejo, Martinez, Tafur & Castellano 2002), horses (Bousquet‐Melou, Bernard, Schneider & Toutain 2002; Carretero, Rodriguez, San Andrés, Forés, de Lucas, Nieto, Waxman, San Andrés & Gonzalez 2002; Peyrou, Doucet, Vrins, Concordet, Schneider & Bousquet‐mélou 2004), cats (Albarellos, Montoya & Landoni 2005), ostriches (De Lucas, Rodriguez, Waxman, Gonzalez, Uriarte & San Andres 2005), camels (Laraje, Talmi, Bounaga, Bengoumi, Elhraiki, Laurentie 2006), ball pythons (Coke, Isaza, Koch, Pellerin & Hunter 2006), macaws (Carpenter, Hunter, Olsen, Henry, Isaza & Koch 2006), adult donkeys (González, Rodríguez, De Lucas, Waxman, San Andrés, Serres, Nieto & San Andrés 2007) and buffalo (Goudah, Abd El‐Aty, Regmi, Shin, Shimoda & Shim 2007). A few studies were conducted on the residue elimination of MBF, which were only seen in broiler chickens (Anadon et al 2002) and rabbits (Ligabue, Lucchetti, Catone, Fabrizi, Marvasi, Zaghini & Coni 2005).…”

Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration to rabbits

“…The pharmacokinetic properties of marbofloxacin have been evaluated in other species, including dogs, 11,14-16 cats, 17 pigs, 18 cattle, 4,19 sheep, 19 goats, 5 camels, 20 horses, 21-23 chickens, 24,k turkeys, 25 ball pythons (Python regius), 26,27 blue and gold macaws (Ara ararauna), 27,28 ostriches, 29 raptors, 30 Eurasian buzzards (Buteo buteo), 31,32 and harbor seals. 33 Marbofloxacin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration in dogs from which food has been withheld, with a reported bioavailability of 94%.…”

Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in clinically diseased or injured Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina), yellow‐bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta), and river cooters (Pseudemys concinna)

“…tiles (Papich, 2018). The pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in chelonians, crocodilians, lizards, and snakes have varied by route and dose (Coke, Isaza, Koch, Pellerin, & Hunter, 2006;Corum et al, 2019;Giorgi et al, 2013;Lai et al, 2019Lai et al, , 2009Marín et al, 2008;Martelli et al, 2009;Poapolathep et al, 2020;Prezant, Isaza, & Jacobson, 1994;Salvadori et al, 2016;Spöle, Göbel, & Schildger, 1991;Young, Schumacher, Papich, & Jacobson, 1997). Enrofloxacin, the fluoroquinolone selected for study here, has potent antibacterial activity and is also metabolized in some animals to the active metabolite ciprofloxacin (Helmick, Papich, Vliet, Bennett, & Jacobson, 2004;Raphael, Papich, & Cook, 1994;Waxman et al, 2014).…”