Preliminary screening of apple germplasm for resistance to silverleaf infection

Bus, Vincent G. M.; Spiers, A. G.; Brewster, D. T.; Hofstee, M. E.

doi:10.1080/01140671.1996.9513928

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Ex Fr.) Pouzar is an important wound pathogen that causes silverleaf disease in more than 230 woody species, including major fruit crops such as peach, plum, cherry, blueberry, apple, and also ornamental and forest crops (Bus et al 1996;Ogawa et al 2000;Setliff 2002;Spiers and Brewster 1997;Spiers and Hopcroft 1988). This basidiomycete fungus disseminates through airborne spores from different inoculum sources such as infected fruit orchards, windblown trees, logged areas, woodpiles, and pruned branches (De Jong et al 1990;Vartiamäki et al 2009), reaches wounded wood, like grafts and pruning cuts, and causes infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, there are not any effective curative treatments against silverleaf. Thus, the disease control relies on preventive management, such as the use of pruning paints amended with fungicides, reduction of inoculum sources (Bus et al 1996;Spiers and Brewster 1997), avoidance of nursery plants infection, and early detection of the disease, especially in nursery mother plants, to prevent infection of newly grafted plants. However, early detection is not an easy task due to the lack of foliar symptoms at early stages of infection and considering that necrotic symptoms are visible only when infected wood is cut.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A PCR-Based Method for the Rapid Detection ofChondrostereum purpureumin Apple

et al. 2020

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Silverleaf caused by the basidiomycete Chondrostereum purpureum affects numerous woody species, including fruit tree crops like apple, resulting in wood necrosis and foliar silvering. There are no curative alternatives for this disease, and its management is by prevention methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid diagnostic tool for the detection and identification of C. purpureum directly from woody tissues to help distinguish the pathogen from other basidiomycetes that are commonly found on apple. The silverleaf pathogen was isolated from different hosts and locations, and Koch’s postulates were performed by inoculating the isolates on apple cuttings and measuring internal necrosis. A previously described APN 1 pair of primers specificity was also tested against 25 C. purpureum isolates in this study, using other wood rotting species as negative controls. Seven virulent isolates were inoculated on apple cuttings, and DNA was extracted from the cuttings’ sawdust and amplified using APN 1, after 22 days of incubation. To prove the efficiency of the method in the field, DNA from healthy nursery plants inoculated with two virulent isolates, and naturally infected plants showing different levels of foliar symptoms, were tested. Presence of the fungus was verified by reisolation on APDA in all assays. Koch’s postulates indicated that all C. purpureum isolates were pathogenic, showing different virulence levels, and APN 1 primers were able to discriminate them from other basidiomycetes. The method was also able to detect C. purpureum from artificially inoculated plants as well as naturally infected ones, demonstrating that the protocol may become a rapid minimally destructive diagnostic tool to detect the pathogen without the need to isolate it from tissues, and thus taking measures to prevent its dissemination.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A PCR-Based Method for the Rapid Detection ofChondrostereum purpureumin Apple

et al. 2020

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“…The results were consistent with yield assessments performed in other fruit crops in Chile, such as apples and blueberries (France et al, 2017, Grinbergs et al, unpublished work). Although there are authors who point out yield losses due to the damaging effects of C. purpureum infections in stone and pome fruits (Atkinson, 1971;Bishop, 1978;Spiers, et al, 1987;Bus et al, 1996;Spiers et al, 2000), and blueberries (France et al, 2017), as far as we concern, this is the first record about yield losses in Japanese plum related to the detrimental effects caused by C. purpureum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Silverleaf (<em>Chondrostereum purpureum</em>) Effects on Japanese Plum (<em>Prunus salicina</em>)

Grinbergs¹,

Chilian²,

C³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Silverleaf is an important trunk disease of fruit crops, like Japanese plum. It is known that Chondrostereum purpureum produces wood discoloration, leaves silvering and tree decline, however, the information about the effects on fruit production is scarce. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine C. purpureum pathogenicity on Prunus salicina and effects on physiology, fruit yield and quality, in Chile, in 2019 and 2020. Wood samples from affected plum trees were collected in the Chilean plum productive area. Fungi were isolated plating wood sections from the necrosis margin on culture media. Isolates colonies morphological and molecular characteristics accorded to C. purpureum (98%). Representative isolates were inoculated on healthy plum plants and after 65-d incubation, wood necrotic lesions and silver leaves were visible. Fungi were reisolated, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To determine Silverleaf effects, water potential, and fruit yield and quality were measured in healthy and Silverleaf diseased plum plants cv. ‘Angeleno’. Water potential was altered on diseased trees, and their yield was reduced in 51% (2019) and 41% (2020), compared to fruit from healthy plants. Moreover, cover-colour, equatorial-diameter and weight were reduced, and fruit were softer, failing to meet the criteria to be properly commercialized and exported to demanding markets.

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“…The first importation of apple plants into New Zealand was reported on 12 August 1819 (Anonymous 2021). Further imports of apple germplasm for breeding are reported dating back to at least 1894 (Bus et al 1996). These early imports were probably of potted plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis shows that New Zealand isolates of Neonectria ditissima are similar to European isolates

Everett

Pushparajah

Scheper

2021

NZPP

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Neonectria ditissima causes a debilitating apple tree canker disease. We determined the efficacy of polymerase chain reaction primers, originally designed for European strains, by sequencing New Zealand strains. The concatenated ribosomal inter-transcribed spacer and β-tubulin gene regions of 17 New Zealand isolates were compared with those of two European strains by phylogenetic analysis. New Zealand and European isolates of N. ditissima were in the same clade, suggesting that there has been little change in these gene regions following introduction to New Zealand. There was 100% homology with Bt-FW135 and Bt-RW284 primers. Based on sequencing 17 New Zealand isolates from several locations, these polymerase chain reaction primers can be relied upon to amplify New Zealand isolates of N. ditissima.

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Preliminary screening of apple germplasm for resistance to silverleaf infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

A PCR-Based Method for the Rapid Detection ofChondrostereum purpureumin Apple

A PCR-Based Method for the Rapid Detection ofChondrostereum purpureumin Apple

Silverleaf (<em>Chondrostereum purpureum</em>) Effects on Japanese Plum (<em>Prunus salicina</em>)

Phylogenetic analysis shows that New Zealand isolates of Neonectria ditissima are similar to European isolates

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