Preliminary report on the July 10–11, 2015 eruption at Volcán de Colima: Pyroclastic density currents with exceptional runouts and volume

Capra, Lucía; Macías, José Luis; Cortés, Abel; Dávila, Norma; Saucedo, R.; Osorio-Ocampo, Susana; Arce, José Luis; Gavilanes-Ruiz, J.C.; Corona-Chávez, Pedro; García-Sánchez, Laura; Sosa-Ceballos, Giovanni; Vázquez, Rosario

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.11.022

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In contrast, in 2015 the MSMg site was destroyed by pyroclastic flows during the explosive activity of 10-11 July , and in October 2015 the new station (MSMg_2015) was still under construction. Only a few pictures were acquired and they are of low quality because of the abundant steam generated by hot lahars, as they originated from the remobilization of fresh pyroclastic flow deposits (Capra et al, 2016). The 11 June 2013 event was perfectly captured by the camera installed at the MSMg site and the BB-RESCO recorded its seismic signal.…”

Section: Lahar Monitoring At Volcán De Colimamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological control of large hurricane-induced lahars: evidence from rainfall-runoff modeling, seismic and video monitoring

Capra

Coviello

Borselli

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Volcán de Colima, one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico, is commonly affected by tropical rains related to hurricanes that form over the Pacific Ocean. In 2011 hurricanes Jova, Manuel and Patricia, respectively, triggered tropical storms that deposited up to 400 mm of rain in 36 h, with maximum intensities of 50 mm h −1 . The effects were devastating, with the formation of multiple lahars along La Lumbre and Montegrande ravines, which are the most active channels in sediment delivery on the southsouthwest flank of the volcano. Deep erosion along the river channels and several marginal landslides were observed, and the arrival of block-rich flow fronts resulted in damages to bridges and paved roads in the distal reaches of the ravines. The temporal sequence of these flow events is reconstructed and analyzed using monitoring data (including video images, seismic records and rainfall data) with respect to the rainfall characteristics and the hydrologic response of the watersheds based on rainfall-runoff numerical simulation. For the studied events, lahars occurred 5-6 h after the onset of rainfall, lasted several hours and were characterized by several pulses with block-rich fronts and a maximum flow discharge of 900 m 3 s −1 . Rainfall-runoff simulations were performer using the SCS-curve number and the Green-Ampt infiltration models, providing a similar result in the detection of simulated maximum watershed peaks discharge. Results show different behavior for the arrival times of the first lahar pulses that correlate with the simulated catchment's peak discharge for La Lumbre ravine and with the peaks in rainfall intensity for Montegrande ravine. This different behavior is related to the area and shape of the two watersheds. Nevertheless, in all analyzed cases, the largest lahar pulse always corresponds with the last one and correlates with the simulated maximum peak discharge of these catchments. Data presented here show that flow pulses within a lahar are not randomly distributed in time, and they can be correlated with rainfall peak intensity and/or watershed discharge, depending on the watershed area and shape. This outcome has important implications for hazard assessment during extreme hydro-meteorological events, as it could help in providing real-time alerts. A theoretical rainfall distribution curve was designed for Volcán de Colima based on the rainfall and time distribution of hurricanes Manuel and Patricia. This can be used to run simulations using weather forecasts prior to the actual event, in order to estimate the arrival time of main lahar pulses, usually characterized by block-rich fronts, which are responsible for most of the damage to infrastructure and loss of goods and lives.

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Section: Lahar Monitoring At Volcán De Colimamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological control of large hurricane-induced lahars: evidence from rainfall-runoff modeling, seismic and video monitoring

Capra

Coviello

Borselli

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…8a). Then, a new period of slow dome growing began in 2007 and stopped in 2010, after reaching the crater rim and spilling over in 2011 (Capra et al, 2015;Fig. 8b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8c). Consequently, a period of 8 years (during the intraeruptive period from 2007 to July 2015 ;Capra et al, 2016) was needed to recover the hydrological and sedimentaryyield balance to background conditions. This dynamic is in agreement with the recovering times observed after a minor eruption (Manville et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling erosion/deposition phenomena related to lahars at Volcán de Colima, Mexico

Vázquez

Capra

Coviello

2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. One of the most common phenomena at Volcán de Colima is the annual development of lahars that runs mainly through the southern ravines of the edifice. Since 2011 the study and the monitoring of these flows and of the associated rainfall has been achieved by means of an instrumented station located along the Montegrande ravine, together with the systematic surveying of cross-topographic profiles of the main channel. From these, we present the comparison of the morphological changes experimented by this ravine during the 2013, 2014 and 2015 rainy seasons. The erosion/deposition effects of 11 lahars that occurred during this period of time were quantified by means of the topographic profiles taken at the beginning and at the end of the rainy seasons and before and after the major lahar event of 11 June 2013. We identified (i) an erosive zone between 2100 and 1950 m a.s.l., 8 • in slope, with an annual erosional rate of 10.3 % mainly due to the narrowness of the channel and to its high slope angle and (ii) an erosive-depositional zone, between 1900 and 1700 m a.s.l., (∼ 8 % erosion and ∼ 16 % deposition), characterized by a wider channel that decreases in slope angle (4 • ). Based on these observations, the major factors controlling the erosion/deposition rates in the Montegrande ravine are the morphology of the gully (i.e., channel bed slope and the cross section width) and the joint effect of sediment availability and accumulated rainfall. On the distal reach of the ravine, the erosion/deposition processes tend to be promoted preferentially one over the other, mostly depending on the width of the active channel. Only for extraordinary rainfall events are the largest lahars mostly erosive all along the ravine up to the distal fan where the deposition takes place. In addition, as well as the morphological characteristics of the ravine, the flow depth is a critical factor in controlling erosion, as deeper flows will promote erosion against deposition. Finally, by comparing rainfalls associated with lahars that originated after the last main eruptive episode that occurred in 2004-2005, we observed that higher accumulated rainfall was needed to trigger lahars in the 2013 and 2014 seasons, which points to a progressive stabilization of the volcano slope during a post-eruptive period. These results can be used as a tool to foresee the channel response to future volcanic activity, to improve the input parameters for lahar modeling and to better constrain the hazard zonation at Volcán de Colima.

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“…In small-volume pyroclastic flows (<0Á1 km 3 ), which are generally of relatively low energy, it is common to observe characteristic facies variations resulting from topographical controls (e.g. Schwarzkopf et al, 2005;Belousov et al, 2007;Lube et al, 2007Lube et al, , 2011Michol et al, 2008;Sulpizio et al, 2008Sulpizio et al, , 2014Cronin et al, 2013;Komorowski et al, 2013;Uehara et al, 2015;Capra et al, 2016Capra et al, , 2018Mart ı et al, 2017;Ogburn & Calder, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical controls on small‐volume pyroclastic flows

et al. 2019

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Emplacement of small‐volume (<0·1 km3) pyroclastic flows is significantly influenced by topography. The Arico ignimbrite on Tenerife (Canary Islands) is a characteristic small‐volume pyroclastic flow deposit emplaced on high relief topography. The pyroclastic flow flowed down pre‐existing valleys on the southern slopes of the island. In proximal areas deep (up to 100 m) valleys acted as efficient conduits for the pyroclastic flow, which was mostly channelled; in this particular area the ignimbrite corresponds to a homogeneous, moderately welded deposit, consisting of flattened pumices in an abundant ashy matrix with a relatively low lithic fragment content. In intermediate zones significant changes occur in the steepness of the slope and, although still channelled, here the pyroclastic flow was influenced by hydraulic jumps. In this area, two different units can be clearly distinguished in the ignimbrite: the lower unit is composed of a lithic‐rich ground‐layer deposit that formed at the turbulent, highly concentrated head of the flow; the upper unit consists of a well welded pumice‐rich deposit that occasionally reveals a basal layer formed by shearing with the lower part. This division into two units is maintained as far as distal areas near the present‐day coastline, where the slope is very gentle or null and the ignimbrite is not channelled. The ground layer is not found in distal areas. The ignimbrite here only consists of the upper unit, which is occasionally repeated due to a surging process provoked by the lower flow speed, as the pyroclastic flow spread out of the channelled zone. A theoretical model on how topography controlled the deposition of the Arico ignimbrite is derived by interpreting the observed lithological and sedimentological variations in terms of changes in topography and bedrock morphology. This new model is of general applicability and will help to explain other deposits of similar characteristics.

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Preliminary report on the July 10–11, 2015 eruption at Volcán de Colima: Pyroclastic density currents with exceptional runouts and volume

Cited by 55 publications

References 15 publications

Hydrological control of large hurricane-induced lahars: evidence from rainfall-runoff modeling, seismic and video monitoring

Hydrological control of large hurricane-induced lahars: evidence from rainfall-runoff modeling, seismic and video monitoring

Factors controlling erosion/deposition phenomena related to lahars at Volcán de Colima, Mexico

Topographical controls on small‐volume pyroclastic flows

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