Preliminary report of the extinction of learned fears via short-term implosive therapy.

Hogan, Robert A.; Kirchner, John H.

doi:10.1037/h0024437

Cited by 99 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Goal-directed fantasies (Spanos, 1971) have been used to aid in~uccess at particular hypnotic tasks. Phobic behavior has been modified by various forms of fantasy under the label of implosive therapy and desensitization (Hogan & Kirchner, 1967;Kirchener & Hogan, 1966;Levis & Carrera, 1967;Stampfl & Levis, 1966;Wolpe , 1958). Fantasies such as imagining pleasant events may also be used to reduce or alleviate pain (Barber, Walker & Calverley, 1973).…”

Section: Significance Of Further Research On the Hypnotic Dreammentioning

confidence: 98%

The Hypnotic Dream: A Reconceptualization

Walker¹

1974

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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Section: Significance Of Further Research On the Hypnotic Dreammentioning

confidence: 98%

The Hypnotic Dream: A Reconceptualization

Walker¹

1974

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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“…Especially so are studies by Hogan and Kirchner (1967) and Levis and Carrera (1967) which indicate tha. : implosive therapy leads to significant behavioral changes in a very short peric~d of time.…”

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confidence: 94%

Short-Term Implosive Therapy: Case Study

McCarthy

1972

Psychol Rep

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Effective application of implosive therapy is illustrated with a brief case description.Although implosive therapy is not even 10 yr. old, the research and clinical reports of its efficacy are impressive (Hogan, 1966; Stampfl & Lwis, 1967). Especially so are studies by Hogan and Kirchner (1967) and Levis and Carrera (1967) which indicate tha.: implosive therapy leads to significant behavioral changes in a very short peric~d of time. An additional important factor is that implosive therapy is not a stimulus-specific method but rather a broad-based technique where the entire stimulus complex is imploded so that anxiety conditioned to a wide variety of stimuli may be extinguished. These two elements, the brief time and the broad-base of the technique, made implosive therapy a particluarly good choice of therapeutic procedure to be used with the following client.The client was a 20-yr.-old single, male, college senior who was seen at a University Counseling Center. The client reported his major problem to be embarassment over the fact that he was losing his hair, and a related feat that no girl would like him and he'd never marry. He described himself as often being depressed, a chronic worrier suffering from feelings of worthlessness, having vague fears of homcsexuality, and also fears of rejection. Questions by the therapist made it evident that these worries and fears were of an obsessive nature and largely irrational in that his functioning was quite adequate. He was extremely bright, an excellent student, had been accepted to Law School for the following year, and did have a good number of friends and also dates. In addition to this presenting picture he reported a good deal of discomfort about corning to the Counseling Center, and said he'd prefer as short a number of sessions as possible. Obviously he was not at all motivated for longer-term "traditional" therapy, nor did there a p p e r to be serious problems in his behavioral functioning.During this initial session a time-limited ( 3 additional sessions) contract was established to use implosive therapy. The author gave a short explanation of the principles underlying implosive therapy, the techniques, and then focused on beginning to develop scenes appropriate to his irrational fears and worries.The next 2% sessions were spent using the implosive techniques. The scenes centered about his 05sessive worrying about getting dates and eventually marrying, losing his hair and being unattractive, being caught masturbating and feeling humiliated, and failing at intercourse. Since this was a short-term therapy, he was instructed to do "homeworkw-going over the scenes he had been im-

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“…Flooding or response prevention consists of preventing the animal Ss from performing a previously learned avoidance response in the presence of the feared stimulus, generally for a protracted period of time. It has been shown that flooding is effective in the elimination of fear-motivated avoidance behavior in animals (Baum, 1966), while its clinical analogue, implosive therapy, produces similar results in the elimination of specific phobias in man (Kirchner & Hogan, 1966;Hogan & Kirchner, 1967). Different parameters, such as duration of the flooding period, intensity of the shock trauma used in the avoidance acquisition period, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of rewarding, aversive, and neutral intracranial stimulation administered during flooding (response prevention) in rats

1973

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Flooding or response prevention consisted of blocking the learned avoidance response while forcing the animal to stay in the presence of the feared object. The present study investigated the effects of rewarding (in the anterior lateral hypothalamus), aversive (in the dorsomedial tegmentum), and neutral forced intracranial stimulation (ICS) of anterior brain structures during flooding in rats. No effect on avoidance extinction was produced by any type of ICS, while a significant increase of freezing behavior was found during flooding in Ss receiving aversive ICS. These results were discussed in relation to our previous study, which showed that rewarding (in the posterior lateral hypothalamus) and aversive (in the reticularis pontis caudalis) ICS of posterior areas during flooding produced a significant decrease and a tendency to increase avoidance behavior, respectively. It was suggested that the stimulation of posterior areas was more reinforcing (positively and negatively) than the stimulation of anterior structures.

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Preliminary report of the extinction of learned fears via short-term implosive therapy.

Cited by 99 publications

References 3 publications

The Hypnotic Dream: A Reconceptualization

The Hypnotic Dream: A Reconceptualization

Short-Term Implosive Therapy: Case Study

Effects of rewarding, aversive, and neutral intracranial stimulation administered during flooding (response prevention) in rats

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