Preliminary Report of the 1979 Expedition to the Dead Sea Plain, Jordan

Rast, Walter E.; Schaub, R. Thomas; McCreery, David W.; Donahue, Jack; McConaughy, Mark A.

doi:10.2307/1356536

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Identification of Munsell colour categories exhibited more pale yellow-brown bones on the periphery, which is reflected in the higher L* values. Archaeological evidence, including charred wood and burned linen, (Unpublished Field Notes, 1979;Rast and Schaub, 1980) suggested that burning primarily occurred in the core of the charnel house. Colour analysis corroborated this by indicating that darker bones, which reflect charring, were found at the core.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone Color Changes in a Burned Burial Structure from Early Bronze Age Bab adh-Dhra’, Jordan

Ullinger

Sheridan

2015

The Analysis of Burned Human Remains

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burning was identified throughout A22, where multiple layers of ash surrounded human skeletons and mortuary artifacts (Figure 23.2B). Internal areas had extensive evidence of a fire, including charred wooden beams, deep red bricks and burned fabric and reed matting (Rast and Schaub, 1980;Unpublished Field Notes, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Color Changes in a Burned Burial Structure from Early Bronze Age Bab adh-Dhra’, Jordan

Ullinger

Sheridan

2015

The Analysis of Burned Human Remains

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“…It has been suggested in the past that fan scrapers could have been used for wood-working, plant processing, sheep shearing, butchering activities, and for ritual practices (McConaughy 1979;1980;Rowan & Levy 1991;Unger-Hamilton 1991: 152;Henry 1995: 372-373;Barket & Bell 2011). However, recently Yerkes et al (2016) examined microwear traces on a large sample of fan scrapers and their spalls from Ein Zippori and concluded that those fan scrapers were used for skinning and butchering animals, as well as for working hide and bone.…”

Section: Other Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A techno-typological analysis of fan (tabular) scrapers from Ein Zippori, Israel

Zutovski

Yerkes

Agam

et al. 2016

JLS

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Abstract:Fan (or tabular) scrapers are a diagnostic tool type in Chalcolithic Ghassulian and Early Bronze Age lithic assemblages from the southern Levant. To date, only small numbers of fan scrapers have been reported from the Late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah culture. In this paper we present a technotypological analysis of a fair sample of fan scrapers and fan scrapers spalls from Wadi Rabah and Early Bronze Age layers at Ein Zippori, Lower Galilee, Israel. Techno-typological similarities and differences of Wadi Rabah, Chalcolithic Ghassulian and Early Bronze Age fan scrapers from Ein Zippori and other sites in the region are presented, trends of change along time are noted, and an updated definition is proposed. Our results indicate that fan scrapers are highly efficient tools for accurate and prolonged animal butchering and hide working. The main advantage of fan scrapers is their mostly flat, thin morphology and large size that permits the creation of several relatively long working edges, various retouched angles (from sharp to abrupt), extensive resharpening, and a comfortable grasp. While fan scrapers were products of a local trajectory in Late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah lithic industries at Ein Zippori, a standardized, off-site manufacturing of fan scrapers is evident during the Early Bronze Age.

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“…The largest charnel house excavated (A22) (Figure b) had a ceiling of wooden beams that may have even supported a second story (McCreery ). EBII–III charnel houses were used for primary and secondary burials, with grave goods that indicated increasing social differentiation (Chesson ; Rast et al ).…”

Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Cry Havoc: Interpersonal Violence at Early Bronze Age Bab edh-Dhra’

Gasperetti

Sheridan

2013

American Anthropologist

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In this article, we utilize a bioarchaeological approach to assess the pervasiveness of violence during a dynamic period of social change at Early Bronze Age (EBA) Bab edh-Dhra', Jordan. The human remains studied are from EBIA (3500-3300 B.C.E.) shaft tombs used by the inhabitants of ephemeral settlements and from EBII-III (3100-2300 B.C.E.) charnel house A22, which dates to the urban occupation of the site. Adult crania, ulnae, and radii were examined for fracture. There were no significant differences by period, except when ulnae and radii were considered together. Bab edh-Dhra' was then compared to published studies of violence and showed a relatively high rate of cranial fracture during both periods, with a moderate rate of forearm fracture during EBII-III. The EBIA radii and ulnae exhibited no evidence of trauma. Accidents along rough terrain, falls among terraced housing, construction and agricultural activities, and violence were probable causes of forearm injury. The archaeological record suggests a diachronic increase in conflict, catalyzed by growing population density, social stratification, regional hostilities, and environmental degradation. Although the causes of EBA violence remain speculative, cranial fracture patterns indicate a notable prevalence of conflict-related trauma across the period. [ bioarchaeology, Ancient Near East, conflict, paleopathology, fracture] RESUMEN En este artículo, utilizamos una aproximación bio-arqueológica para evaluar la prevalencia de la violencia durante un período dinámico de cambio social en la Edad Temprana de Bronce (EBA) en Bad edh-Dhra', Jordania. Los restos humanos estudiados corresponden a tumbas fosas del EBIA (3500-3300 A.E.C.) usados por los habitantes de asentamientos efímeros, y de EBII-III (3100-2300 A.E.C.) osario A22, los cuales datan de la ocupación urbana del sitio.Cráneos de adultos, cúbitos y radios se examinaron por fractura. No hubo diferencias significativas por período, excepto cuando los cúbitos y radios fueron considerados juntos. Bab edh-Dhra' se comparó luego con estudios publicados de violencia y mostró una alta tasa de fractura craneal durante ambos períodos, con una tasa que va de bajo a moderado de fractura de antebrazo durante EBII-III. La radios y cúbitos correspondientes a EBIA mostraron no evidencia de trauma. Accidentes a lo largo de terrenos hostiles, caídas en viviendas de terrazas, actividades de construcción y agrícolas, y violencia fueron probables causas de lesiones de antebrazo. Los registros arqueológicos sugieren un incremento diacrónico en conflicto, catalizado por una creciente densidad de población, estratificación social, hostilidades regionales, y degradación ambiental. Aunque las causas de la violencia en EBA permanecen siendo especulativas, los patrones de fractura craneal indican una notable prevalencia de trauma relacionado con el conflicto a lo largo del período. [bioarqueología, Antiguo Cercano Oriente, conflicto, paleopatología, fractura]

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Preliminary Report of the 1979 Expedition to the Dead Sea Plain, Jordan

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Bone Color Changes in a Burned Burial Structure from Early Bronze Age Bab adh-Dhra’, Jordan

Bone Color Changes in a Burned Burial Structure from Early Bronze Age Bab adh-Dhra’, Jordan

A techno-typological analysis of fan (tabular) scrapers from Ein Zippori, Israel

Cry Havoc: Interpersonal Violence at Early Bronze Age Bab edh-Dhra’

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