Preliminary Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mycobacterium bovis in Local and Imported Breeds of Cattle and Buffaloes in Mosul city, Iraq

Al-Iraqi, O. M.; Al-Jammaly, Modrika; AL-Hankawi, Omer; Al-Farwachi, M. I.; Dahl, Mohammad O.

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2019.17753.1102

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Many risk factors were responsible for occurrence of disease in animals include cattle breed, age. also host independent factors are considered more important and include herd size, management practices and cattle purchasing (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Diagnosis of BTB in live animal depends on tuberculin test; the standard method is the comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test which based on delayed hypersensitivity (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle farms in Egypt

Hamed¹,

Nasr²,

Azooz³

et al. 2021

IJVS

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A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2015 to April, 2018 to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors of BTB using the comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test on 5327 dairy cattle in 16 dairy herds in mid-delta, Alexandria Road and Upper Egypt districts. Questionnaires used to collect data on herd size and management. The herd and individual animal prevalence at cut-off ≥4mm were 68.75% (95%, CI: 46 to 91.4) and1.67% (95%, CI: 1.3to 2.1) respectively. The individual prevalence was significantly associated with age, breed and different location of farms and density of cattle in yard. On herd level, history of BTB in the farm, management practices, raising of different species in the same facility and newly purchased cattle are important risk factors for BTB. The postmortem examination of positive reactors revealed 66 (85.71%) out of 77slaughtered cattle with visible lesions and 11(14.29%) with non-visible lesions. Bacteriological examination revealed 74.24% (49/66) from visible lesions and 9.09% (1/11) from non-visible lesions were Mycobacterium bovis. The indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA) results revealed 31(40.26%) showed positive result including 29 (93.6%) visible lesions and 2(6.4%) nonvisible lesions. In conclusion, the prevalence high in herds with poor management condition, raised different species in the same facility, had previous history of BTB infection and purchased new animals. At animal level Holstein breed, 3-6 years age, kept in high density and located in mid-delta district were at higher risk to be reactor to comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle farms in Egypt

Hamed¹,

Nasr²,

Azooz³

et al. 2021

IJVS

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“…During hot, humid, and dry seasons, the body's increased metabolic needs can lead to protein catabolism, resulting in elevated urea levels [55,57]. In the present study, increased urea production in the control group can indicate dehydration [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Heat Stress-associated Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Profiles and Milk Production in Dairy Cows

Abdelmegeid

2025

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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HIS study aimed to assess the impact of betaine supplementation on blood biomarkers and metabolism in dairy cows exposed to humid, hot conditions. Thirty lactating cows from an Egyptian industrial dairy farm were divided into two groups: a control group receiving no betaine (n=15) and a supplemented group (80g betaine/day for four weeks, n=15). Blood samples were collected at three-time points: baseline zero week (0w), two weeks (2w), and four weeks (4w). The levels of cortisol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, total protein, insulin, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) were measured and compared between the groups using linear t-test and across time points using repeated measure ANOVA. Additionally, milk production was recorded throughout the study period. The results indicated that cortisol levels were significantly lower in the betaine group at 2w and 4w compared to the control group. Urea and ALT levels were consistently more down in the betaine group at all time points. BHBA and NEFA levels showed significant decreases in the betaine group at 4w. SOD level was notably higher in the betaine group at 2w and 4w. Finally, milk yield was improved in the betainesupplemented cows than in the control group. In conclusion, supplementing dairy cows with betaine positively influences blood metabolites and antioxidant profiles, improving homeostatic response to heat stress and increasing milk production.

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“…Spoligotype SB0120 is the most common circulating type worldwide while SB0121 mainly exists in Europe [ 126 ]. This geographical spillover was also observed in the MENA countries, especially Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco [ 34 , 98 , 116 ] and Iran [ 24 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Th...mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…However, based on these assays, the prevalence of BTB among cattle varied significantly according to the population size and country in the MENA region. In large studies, the prevalence was relatively low, ranging between 0.1 [ 32 ] and 16.4% [ 33 ] in Egypt, 4.4 [ 34 ] and 24.2% [ 35 ] in Iraq, 3.5% [ 36 ] in Algeria, and 1.4% [ 37 ] in Turkey. In contrast, a higher prevalence was reported in studies with small population sizes, ranging from 22.2% [ 38 ] to 82.6% [ 39 ] in Egypt, 75% [ 40 ] in Iraq, and 48% [ 41 ] in Tunisia ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Tuberculosis: A Neglected Disease in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region

Kasir¹,

Osman

Awik

et al. 2023

Diseases

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Mycobacterium bovis is the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), a serious infectious disease in both humans and animals. BTB is a zoonotic disease primarily affecting cattle and occasionally humans infected through close contact with infected hosts or the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Zoonotic tuberculosis is strongly associated with poverty and poor hygiene, and low- and middle-income countries bear the brunt of the disease. BTB has been increasingly recognized as a growing public health threat in developing countries. However, the lack of effective surveillance programs in many of these countries poses a barrier to accurately determining the true burden of this disease. Additionally, the control of BTB is threatened by the emergence of drug-resistant strains that affect the effectiveness of current treatment regimens. Here, we analyzed current trends in the epidemiology of the disease as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of M. bovis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, a region that includes several developing countries. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 90 studies conducted in the MENA region were selected. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of BTB among humans and cattle varied significantly according to the population size and country in the MENA region. Most of the available studies were based on culture and/or PCR strategies and were published without including data on antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing. Our findings highlighted the paramount need for the use of appropriate diagnostic tools and the implementation of sustainable control measures, especially at the human/animal interface, in the MENA region.

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Preliminary Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mycobacterium bovis in Local and Imported Breeds of Cattle and Buffaloes in Mosul city, Iraq

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle farms in Egypt

Prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle farms in Egypt

Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Heat Stress-associated Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Profiles and Milk Production in Dairy Cows

Zoonotic Tuberculosis: A Neglected Disease in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region

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