Preliminary Phylogeny of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Based on Morphology and 28S rDNA

Babcock, Christina S.; Heraty, John M.; Barro, Paul J. De; Driver, Felice; Schmidt, Stefan

doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0875

Cited by 67 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Within Encarsia, morphologically similar but genetically distinct and geographically isolated populations of Enc. smithi (Babcock et al 2001) would suggest that they are different species. On the other hand, some species exhibit considerable behavioral divergence that is not demonstrated by a corresponding genetic divergence.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Twelve species groups were first suggested by Viggiani and Mazzone (1979), and 32 species group names have been proposed by various authors. Seventeen species groups were recognized by Hayat (1998), who chose not to recognize four groups (elegans, inquirenda, luteola and perflava), which have been recognized by subsequent authors (Huang and Polaszek 1998;Polaszek et al 1999;Babcock et al 2001), and other groups were either proposed but not addressed (scapeata, singularis, tremblayi) or proposed after Hayat's review ( citrella, cubensis, divergens). Over the last 20 years there has been an effort to accurately define and place species into these groups (Evans et al 1995;Hayat 1998;Huang and Polaszek 1998;Evans and Polaszek 1998;Heraty and Polaszek 2000;Babcock et al 2001;Manzari et al 2002;Pedata and Polaszek 2003;Polaszek et al 2004), but there is a need for a more comprehensive review of groups beyond that of Hayat (1998).…”

Section: Species Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…On the other hand, some species exhibit considerable behavioral divergence that is not demonstrated by a corresponding genetic divergence. Encarsia sophia (Girault) has varying levels of reproductive isolation and host choice that are not reflected in either their morphological or genetic differences for the 28S gene region (Heraty and Polaszek 2000;Babcock et al 2001;Hernández-Suárez et al 2003), although they may be reflected in COI (Giorgini and Monti 2003). Mating and host choice differences in populations of Enc.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics and Biology of Encarsia

Heraty

Polaszek

Schauff

2008

Classical Biological Control of Bemisia Tabaci in the United States - A Review of Interagency Research and Implementation

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The genus Encarsia includes 343 described species and numerous undescribed species. Immatures are parasitoids of various whiteflies, armored scales, aphids, Lepidoptera or even the opposite sex of the same species. Several species are known to attack Bemisia, but so far, none have proved effective in the control of the pest species in this genus. The taxonomy and classification of Encarsia species is undergoing rapid changes using both morphological and molecular techniques. Wolbachia and newly discovered bacteria are associated with sex ratio distortion in species of Encarsia. Whiteflies appear to be the basal host associated with members of this genus, with only a few species potentially host specific for Bemisia whiteflies.

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Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Species Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics and Biology of Encarsia

Heraty

Polaszek

Schauff

2008

Classical Biological Control of Bemisia Tabaci in the United States - A Review of Interagency Research and Implementation

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“…Th e following forward (F) and reverse (R) primer combinations were used: 28S-D2, (F) 5'-CGT GTT GCT TGA TAG TGC AGC-3' or (F) 5'-CGG GTT GCT TGA GAG TGC AGC-3' and (R) 5'-TCA AGA CGG GTC CTG AAA GT-3' (base numbers 3551-4057 of Drosophila melanogaster, Hancock et al 1988); 28S-D3, Ouvrard et al 2000). PCR protocols follow Babcock et al (2001). PCR products were purifi ed using GeneClean® PCR Purifi cation Kits (Q-BIOgene).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of Pseudochalcura (Hymenoptera, Eucharitidae), with a review of antennal morphology from a phylogenetic perspective

Heraty¹,

Heraty²,

Torréns³

2009

833

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Pseudochalcura alba Heraty & Heraty, sp. n. is described from Santiago del Estero and Catamarca provinces in northwestern Argentina. Th e male and female have long dorsal rami on all of the fl agellomeres basal to the terminal segment, which is a unique feature within the genus and shared only with some species of Rhipipalloidea. Antennal modifi cations are compared across the Stilbula clade, of which all are parasitoids of Camponotini (Formicinae). A phylogenetic hypothesis for the group is proposed based on an analysis of 28S and 18S sequence data for 28 species. Ramose antennae are derived independently in both males and females across the clade, but with fully ramose female antennae restricted to the New World prolata group of Pseudochalcura and to some species of the Old World genus Rhipipalloidea. A sister group relationship between these genera is proposed based on both morphological and molecular data. Female antennae in other species of these genera, and other genera in the clade are at most dorsally lobate or serrate, but more commonly cylindrical. Monophyly of species of Obeza and Lophyrocera is supported and linked to a behavioral trait of oviposition into fruits as opposed to fl ower heads or leaf buds. Within the Stilbula clade, a dichotomy between New and Old World taxa suggest relatively recent post-Miocene exchanges across the Northern Hemisphere.

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“…De acordo com Polaszek et al (1992), no entanto, ambas são espécies distintas e podem ser separadas por características dos segmentos do fl agelo da antena. Essa afi rmação é corroborada por Babcock et al (2001) através de evidências moleculares. Polaszek et al (2004) (Oliveira et al 2003).…”

unclassified