Preliminary nutritional evaluation of rubber seed and defatted rubber seed meals as plant protein sources for common carpCyprinus carpioL. juvenile diet

Abstract

The present study evaluates the use of rubber seed meal (RSM) and its defatted product on the growth and feeding performance of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. Digestibility test using chromium oxide as a tracer showed that defatted RSM (DRSM) resulted in significantly higher total feed, protein, Ca and P digestibility than those of unprocessed RSM (URSM). Growth test was performed with a control and three experimental diets which were 50% DRSM (50% of protein originated from DRSM), 75% DRSM (75% of protein originated from DRSM) and 50% URSM (50% protein originated from URSM). The use of diet containing URSM to replace 50% protein source resulted in the lowest growth and feeding performance which might correlate to the high cyanide content (1.16%) in the diet. Furthermore, providing the fish with this particular experimental diet also caused decline in fish haematological parameters and increased abnormalities in the fish intestine and kidney. Overall results suggested that the use of defatted RSM to replace 50% of other protein sources resulted in a comparable growth and feeding performance of common carp juvenile without any adverse effect.

Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from rubber seed in the diet of Labeo rohita : Effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and metabolic enzymes activity

“…According to Deng et al (2015), feeding rubber seed meal above 30% to juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) lead to growth depression, which was also supported by Alegbeleye et al (2004). Contrarily, defatted rubber seed meal successfully replaced 50% of the protein in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diets without adverse effects on the feed intake and growth (Suprayudi et al, 2015). The variation in their results may be due to the levels of ANFs, nonstarch polysaccharide, and or species differences.…”

“…Although, rubber seed meal has been reported to be a promising alternative protein source for aquafeeds production (Sharma et al, 2014;Suprayudi et al, 2015;Deng et al, 2015), but utilization by fish is limited due to the presence of ANFs, especially cyanide. According to Deng et al (2015), feeding rubber seed meal above 30% to juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) lead to growth depression, which was also supported by Alegbeleye et al (2004).…”

“…However, in the present study, no significant variation was observed in the growth performance of the fish fed RPI in replacement for SPI. This indicate that RPI was better utilized compared to detoxified rubber seed meal fed to rohu (Sharma et al, 2014), and other fish species (Suprayudi et al, 2015;Deng et al, 2015). The presence of ANFs in plant-based diets is one of the reason for diminishing feed intake, nutrient absorption and growth depression in fish due to unpleasant tastes, and decreased feed acceptability (Francis and Becker, 2001).…”

“…Hence, there is the need for its replacement with a potential non-conventional plant protein sources for cost efficient and sustainable aquafeed development. Therefore, in the present scenario, non-edible oil seeds cake or kernel would be one of the most preferred choice provided they are made free of deterrent factors, and nutritionally compatible to cultured species (Marrufo-Estrada et al, 2013;Suprayudi et al, 2015).…”

“…Rubber seed cake obtained from rubber tree seed (Hevea brasiliensis) is a potential non-conventional feedstuff, which have received scant research attention is fish nutrition (Alegbeleye et al, 2004;Sharma et al, 2014;Suprayudi et al, 2015;Deng et al, 2015). According to the Natural Rubber Statistic Report (2015), the world natural rubber plantation by acreage in 2014 stand at 12 million hectares.…”