Preliminary investigation of underground settlements of Nevşehir Castle region using 2.5-D electrical resistivity tomography: Cappadocia, Turkey

Çoşkun, Nart; Çakır, Özcan; Erduran, Murat; Kutlu, Yusuf Arif; Yalçın, Ali

doi:10.1007/s12517-016-2727-9

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For instance, because of rich clay content shales have low resistivity (5 to 30 Ω m) while limestones, dolomites, and conglomerates show high resistivity (1000 to 100000 Ω me.g., Palacky, 1988) [53]. The geoelectrical method has found several uses in geophysics such as exploring the historic underground cities [12], characterizing the landslide geometry [13], identifying the sedimentary layers [10], determining the bedrock depth [54], studying the sedimentary layers for foundations [14], and searching for groundwater [15].…”

Section: Geoelectrical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apparent resistivity pseudo-section computed from the RES2DMOD, which is noise free, is then inverted by using the RES2DINV. There are cases that may cause resolution problems in the inversion [12], i.e., coarse electrode spacing, sharp resistivity change from target to host media, and noise. Among the customary data collection arrays (e.g., Wenner, Dipole-Dipole, Pole-Pole, Pole-Dipole, Schlumberger) we utilize the Pole-Pole array to model the current resistivity data.…”

Section: Geoelectrical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, we consider the geoelectrical method alongside the Rayleigh surface waves in a joint manner to study the near surface Earth assembly. The geoelectrical method based on examining the electrical conductivity anomalies developing from variations from one rock unit to another one has found many uses in geophysics [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical Issues with Rayleigh Surface Waves and Geoelectrical Method Used for the Inversion of Near Surface Geophysical Structure

Çakır

Çoşkun

2021

J. Hum. Earth Future

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We numerically simulate the field measurements of Rayleigh surface waves and electrical resistivity in which the target depth is set to be less than 50-m. The Rayleigh surface waves are simulated in terms of fundamental mode group and phase velocities. The seismic field data is assumed to be collected through a conventional shot-gather. The group velocities are found from the application of the multiple filter technique in a single-station fashion while for the phase velocities the slant stacking, or linear radon transform are applied in fashion of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). The average seismic structure from the source to the receiver (or geophone) is represented by the group velocity curve while the average seismic structure underneath the geophone array is represented by the phase velocity curve. The single-station group velocity curves are transformed into local group velocity curves by setting a linear system through grid points. The shear-wave velocity cross section underneath the examined area is constructed by inverting these local group velocity curves. The electrical resistivity structure of the underground is similarly studied. The field compilation of the resistivity data is assumed to be completed by the application of the multiple electrode Pole-Pole array. The actual resistivity assemble underneath the analyzed area is inverted by considering the apparent (measured) resistivity values. Unique forms such as ore body, cavity, sinkhole, melt, salt, and fluid within the Earth may be examined by joint interpretation of electrical resistivities and seismic velocities. These formations may be better outlined by following their distinct signs such as high/low resistivities and high/low seismic velocities. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2021-02-03-01 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Geoelectrical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geoelectrical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical Issues with Rayleigh Surface Waves and Geoelectrical Method Used for the Inversion of Near Surface Geophysical Structure

Çakır

Çoşkun

2021

J. Hum. Earth Future

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“…A multi-channel and multi-electrode system with 5-m electrode spacing was used to conduct the ERI survey. The ERI equipment is ZZ Geo FlashRes320 resistivity instrument [29], which is a 317-channel 128-electrode, full-wave-shaped electrical data collection system and is free from any configuration. Herein we do not repeat the information regarding the ERI instrument and also the inversion methodolgy of the resistivity data since these are extensively reported in [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ERI equipment is ZZ Geo FlashRes320 resistivity instrument [29], which is a 317-channel 128-electrode, full-wave-shaped electrical data collection system and is free from any configuration. Herein we do not repeat the information regarding the ERI instrument and also the inversion methodolgy of the resistivity data since these are extensively reported in [29]. The ERI system (currently 32-electrode) does not use a traditional data collection technique (e.g., Wenner, Schlumberger, or dipole-dipole arrays) and the maximum combination of ABMN (current and potential electrodes) permits to collect a large amount of data simultaneously with 317channel system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nevşehir Castle Region in Turkey Interpreted by the Use of Seismic Surface Wave and Electrical Resistance Measurements Together

Çakır¹,

Çoşkun²,

Erduran³

2019

Pakistan Journal of Geology

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The underground city beneath the Nevşehir Castle located in the middle of Cappadocia region in Turkey with approximately cone shape is investigated by jointly utilizing the modern geophysical techniques of seismic surface waves and electrical resistivity. The systematic void structure under the Nevşehir Castle of Cappadocia, which is known to have widespread underground cities, is studied by the use of 33 separate two-dimensional profiles ~4-km long where electrical resistivities and seismic surface waves are concurrently measured. Seismic surface wave measurements are inverted to establish the shear-wave velocity distribution while resistivity measurements are inverted to resolve the resistivity distribution. Several high-resistivity anomalies with a depth range 8-20 m point to a systematic void structure beneath the Nevşehir Castle. We were able to effectively isolate the void structure from the embedding structure since the currently employed resistivity instrument has provided us high resolution quality measurements. Associated with the high resistivity anomalies there exist low-velocity depth zones acquired from the surface wave inversions also pointing to a systematic void structure where three-dimensional visualization techniques are used to show the extension of the void structure under the studied area.

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Dispersion of Rayleigh Surface Waves and Electrical Resistivities Utilized to Invert Near Surface Structural Heterogeneities

Çakır

Çoşkun

2022

J. Hum. Earth Future

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The single-station Rayleigh surface wave group velocities and electrical resistivities are two data sets that we cooperatively employ to image the near surface (< 40-m) anomaly structures. We numerically simulate the corresponding field measurements where the anomaly structures are assumed to have two-dimensional (2D) variations. The surface waves are represented by fundamental mode dispersion curves, and the electrical resistivities are assumed to be measured by using direct currents. We consider two types of anomaly structures, i.e., cavity and ore body. These two heterogeneities are easily distinguished from the surrounding geomaterial by their distinct physical properties. The cavity is characterized by low seismic velocity and high electrical resistivity, while the ore body is characterized by high seismic velocity and low electrical resistivity. The Rayleigh surface wave data is assumed to be collected throughout the classical common-shot gather. Multiple electrodes, multiple core cables, and multiple arrays are assumed to be used in the electrical survey. Both surface wave group velocities and electrical resistivities are shown to properly invert the anomalous structures in the subsurface. The surface wave group velocities have good horizontal resolution, while the corresponding vertical resolution is somewhat lower. The electrical resistivities have good resolution for shallow structures, but the resolution becomes somewhat reduced with increasing depth. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2022-03-01-01 Full Text: PDF

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Preliminary investigation of underground settlements of Nevşehir Castle region using 2.5-D electrical resistivity tomography: Cappadocia, Turkey

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Theoretical Issues with Rayleigh Surface Waves and Geoelectrical Method Used for the Inversion of Near Surface Geophysical Structure

Theoretical Issues with Rayleigh Surface Waves and Geoelectrical Method Used for the Inversion of Near Surface Geophysical Structure

Nevşehir Castle Region in Turkey Interpreted by the Use of Seismic Surface Wave and Electrical Resistance Measurements Together

Dispersion of Rayleigh Surface Waves and Electrical Resistivities Utilized to Invert Near Surface Structural Heterogeneities

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