Preliminary Investigation of the Use of Dried-Blood Spots for the Assessment ofin UteroExposure to Environmental Pollutants

Burse, Virlyn W.; Deguzman, M.R.; Korver, Margaret P.; Najam, Allah R; Williams, Cynthia; Hannon, W. Harry; Therrell, Bradford L.

doi:10.1006/bmme.1997.2603

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Dried blood spots have been used extensively for the screening of neonates for a variety of different analytes ranging from cocaine exposure ( Henderson et al, 1997 ), to screening for thyroid hormones ( Hearn and Hannon, 1982;Slazyk et al, 1988 ), hypercholesterolaemia (Beeso et al, 1999 ) and folate ( O'Broin and Gunter, 1999 ). Dried blood spots have also been used to study environmental exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ( Burse et al, 1997 ) . Diamandi et al ( 1998 ) demonstrated that dried filter paper blood spots could be used to measure human insulinlike growth factor I and insulin -binding protein 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing environmental exposure in children: immunotoxicology screening

Phillips

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Environmental exposure to a number of xenobiotics, including pesticides, can have serious effects on the immune system of children, thus rendering them susceptible to infections or other disease states. To study this problem, a recycling chromatographic system for assessing cytokine profiles in humans has been developed and used for the measurement of immune system function in children with documented exposure to residential pesticides. The system is capable of measuring 30 different analytes in a single sample thus enabling the same time examination of representative markers of immune differentiation and function. In the present study, a cohort of 25 exposed children were examined and shown to exhibit a number of features; all subjects demonstrated some abnormalities in cytokines associated with hematopoiesis. Additionally, elevations in pro -inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides indicated a state of generalized and neurogenic inflammation. Further analysis indicated that a depression of the cellular arm of the immune system that correlated with clinical indicators of lowered host resistance to infection could also be detected in a subgroup of the exposed subjects. All exposed children demonstrated evidence of hyperstimulation of the humoral immune system as indicated by elevated IL -5 concentrations and clinical allergy. The degree of immune dysregulation in the exposed children was found to be quite marked when compared to similar studies performed on age -matched controls. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology ( 2000 ) 10, 769 ± 775.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing environmental exposure in children: immunotoxicology screening

Phillips

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Obstetrical tissue such as placenta has been used to assess in utero exposure to trace metals ( Sriramachari et al, 1997 ); however, assessment of in utero exposure to organic pollutants, particularly those that are lipid -soluble, has generally used the blood from the mother, milk from the mother, or umbilical cord blood as a surrogate measure of in utero exposure. The use of blood spots (Burse et al, 1997 ) to assess in utero exposure has also been proposed. The use of umbilical cords was not a common practice, but was initiated in this study because of depletion of available matrices for this particular study and a future interest in determining the partitioning ratios between cords, cord blood, and placenta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of umbilical cords to assess in utero exposure to persistent pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls

Burse

Najam

Williams

et al. 2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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In support of a study to relate developmental and cognitive effects with prenatal exposure to selected environmental toxicants, we developed and applied an analytical method to determine the concentration of two persistent pesticides, hexachlorobenzene ( HCB ) and p,p H -dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ( DDE ) , and 32 specific polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) congeners in 316 umbilical cords taken in 1986 ± 1987 from women of the Faroe Islands. The analytical method consisted of homogenization of the cords, partitioning, microsilica gel column chromatography for clean -up, and dual -column capillary gas chromatography ( DB -5 and DB -1701 ) with electron capture detection. Several quality control parameters were followed to monitor the performance of the method. Important criteria used before reporting unknown data were the recovery of in vitro -spiked analytes from a bovine umbilical cord ( BUC ) and the percentage lipid obtained for a Certified Reference Material ( CRM ) -350 of mackerel oil ( MO ) . Recoveries of analytes that had been spiked at two concentration ranges ( 0.26 ± 0.95 ng / g whole weight; 0.35 ± 2.42 ng / g whole weight ) into bovine cords ranged from 38.5% to 158% and from 50.4% to 145%, respectively, with a median recovery of 77.7%. Measurement of the percentage lipid for CRM -350 ranged from 73.8% to 107% with a median lipid value of 96.0%. The most prevalent analytes detected ( % ) in unknown umbilical cords were HCB ( 100 ) , DDE ( 100 ) , Ballschmiter / Zell PCBs 153 ( 100 ) , 138 ( 98 ) , 180 ( 98 ) , 170 ( 93 ) , 118 ( 88 ) , 187 ( 86 ) , and 146 ( 83 ) , with corresponding median concentrations ( ng / g whole weight ) of 0.17, 1.19, 0.38, 0.30, 0.17, 0.11, 0.12, 0.09, and 0.07, respectively. Total PCB Ð sum of all measurable PCB congeners Ð had a median concentration of 1.37 ng / g whole weight. The analytes, which were very low in lipid content were also quantified on a lipid -adjusted basis, which provided an analytical challenge in these umbilical cord samples. The gravimetrically measured lipids in the human specimens ranged from 0.01% to 1.43% ( median of 0.18% ) . In the pooled BUCs, our lipid measurements varied from 0.05% to 0.33% with a median value of 0.13%. The utility of using the umbilical cord as a matrix to assess in utero exposure to persistent environmental pollutants, compared with the use of umbilical cord blood or mother's blood, is worthy of debate. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology ( 2000 ) 10, 776 ± 788.

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“…Examples of analytes that have been monitored include environmental pollutants such as benzene oxide (a metabolite of benzene, monitored via its adducts with haemoglobin) (Funk et al, 2008), organochlorine pesticides (Dua et al, 1996, Burse et al, 1997, Shlosberg et al, 2011b, perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) (Spliethoff et al, 2008, Kato et al, 2009, Shlosberg et al, 2011b, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Lu et al, 2011, Shlosberg et al, 2011b, polybrominated diphenyl esters (PBDEs) used as flame-retarding chemicals (Lu et al, 2011, Shlosberg et al, 2011b, perchlorate (Otero-Santos et al, 2009), heavy metals, as well as certain toxins. Although no published reports are available, yet, DBS have also been suggested to be useful for monitoring bisphenol A (Leonard et al, 2011).…”

Section: Analysis Of Environmental Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried blood spots in toxicology: from the cradle to the grave?

Stove

Ingels

Kesel

et al. 2012

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

145

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About a century after its first described application by Ivar Bang, the potential of sampling via dried blood spots (DBS) as an alternative for classical venous blood sampling is increasingly recognized. Perhaps best known is the use of DBS in newborn screening programs, ignited by the hallmark paper by Guthrie and Susi half a century ago. However, it is only recently that both academia and industry have recognized the many advantages that DBS sampling may offer for bioanalytical purposes, as reflected by the strong increase in published reports during the last few years. Currently, major DBS applications include newborn screening for metabolic disorders, epidemiological surveys (e.g. HIV monitoring), therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), as well as toxicology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the distinct subdisciplines of toxicology for which DBS sampling has been applied. DBS sampling for toxicological evaluation has been performed from birth until autopsy, aiming at the assessment of therapeutic drugs, drugs of abuse, environmental contaminants, toxins, as well as (trace) elements, with applications situated in fields as toxicokinetics, epidemiology and environmental and forensic toxicology. We discuss the strengths and limitations of DBS in the different subdisciplines and provide future prospects for the use of this promising sampling technique in toxicology.

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Preliminary Investigation of the Use of Dried-Blood Spots for the Assessment ofin UteroExposure to Environmental Pollutants

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Assessing environmental exposure in children: immunotoxicology screening

Assessing environmental exposure in children: immunotoxicology screening

Utilization of umbilical cords to assess in utero exposure to persistent pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls

Dried blood spots in toxicology: from the cradle to the grave?

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