Preliminary Investigation of the Reversible 4D Printing of a Dual-Layer Component

Lee, Amelia Yilin; An, Jia; Chua, Chee Kai; Zhang, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.007

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The authors presented complex printed structures, including a self-folding flower, origami structures, and a self-coiling strip. Lee et al [85] also used polyjet method to print a bilayer structure composed of SMP and an elastomer. The cycle's steps were similar to those in the previous report, but instead of immersion into cold water, the printed sample was immersed in ethanol at room temperature, that caused the elastomer layer to swell.…”

Section: Shape Memory Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics

et al. 2020

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that uses the sensor-generated information to accurately regulate and enhance the dynamic performance.Soft robots (and more in general soft material-based systems) can be built with a plethora of materials and composites having very different mechanical properties, spanning from fluids (i.e., liquid metals, etc.) and hydrogels, to stiff solids (i.e., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), epoxy resins, etc.). Also, in most cases, the constituent materials have many degrees of freedom and are highly non-linear, with relevant hysteresis and viscoelastic behavior. Hence, modeling soft systems is a very challenging task, and it still misses a comprehensive theoretical foundation. [19] As a result, the modeling phase is often overlooked in the design process, which in most cases relies on trial and error experimentation. The most commonly used materials in the design of soft robotics are silicone-based elastomers, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). They are used as the flexible material in pneumatic actuators, [4,5,14] in magnetic actuators, [11] and in electrically driven actuators as well, usually along with a conductive layer, commonly a carbon-based material. [15,16] Besides, other flexible polymers such as polyimides, [8] polyurethanes (PU), [12,20] or hydrogels [9] are used. So far, most devices are fabricated by casting or molding of liquid monomers, followed by hardening by UV light or heat.3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique, in which a required material is deposited, layer by layer, to form a 3D object, that is, it is a sequential 2D printing. The main advantages of 3D printing over subtractive manufacturing methods, are the simplicity of the process and the ability to form complex and hollow structures. There is a variety of 3D printing technologies that are commercially available, as described in a diversity of review reports. [21][22][23] Therefore, we will present here only a concise description of the printing technologies that are most relevant to soft robotics, all of them are based on ink compositions which are liquid during the printing processes.The most widely used methods are based on extrusion of materials, called fused deposition modeling (FDM) [24,25] and direct ink writing (DIW). [26,27] Both methods rely on a material that is extruded through a nozzle onto a substrate, and differ by the materials being used, the nozzle's nature, and the fixation mechanism. In FDM, a thermoplastic filament is extruded through a heated nozzle, followed by solidification upon cooling on the substrate, to form a solid 2D layer. This technique is simple and not expensive, but is limited to thermoplastic polymers and has relatively low resolution. In DIW, a viscous Soft robotics is a growing field of research, focusing on constructing motorless robots from highly compliant materials, some are similar to those found in living organisms. Soft robotics has a high potential for applications in various fields such as soft grippers, actuators, and biomedical devices. 3D printing of soft robotics present...

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Section: Shape Memory Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, the development of synergetic color and shape responses mimicking the natural behavior is of great value for the design of novel functional materials and intelligent devices. [ 35–43 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Biomimetic Systems with Synergetic Color and Shape Responses Based on Oblate Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Droplets

Yang

Ruan

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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Living organisms in nature have amazing control over their color, shape, and morphology in response to environmental stimuli for camouflage, communication, or reproduction. Inspired by the camouflage of the octopus via the elongation or contraction of its pigment cells, oblate cholesteric liquid crystal droplets are dispersed in a polymer matrix, serving as the role of pigment cells and showing structural color due to selective Bragg reflection by their periodic helical structure. The color of 3D‐printed biomimetic systems can be tuned by changing the helical pitch via the chiral dopant concentration or temperature. When the oblate liquid crystal droplets are heated up to isotropic, the opaque and colored biomimetic systems become transparent and colorless. Meanwhile, the isotropic liquid crystal droplets tend to become spherical, causing volume contraction along the film plane and volume dilation in the perpendicular direction. The internal strain combined with the gradient distribution of the oblate isotropic liquid crystal droplets result in corresponding shape transformations. The camouflage of a biomimetic octopus and the blossom of a biomimetic flower, both of which show synergetic color and shape responses, are demonstrated to inspire the design of functional materials and intelligent devices.

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“…3D printing materials can be used for multiple applications, showing advanced properties as stated in the literature [ 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ]. However, there is not enough supportive literature to compare the specific FLGPCL02 proprietary resin with SS and glass.…”

Section: Confluence Of Materials In Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technological Understanding of Biofilm Detection Techniques: A Review

et al. 2020

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Biofouling is a persistent problem in almost any water-based application in several industries. To eradicate biofouling-related problems in bioreactors, the detection of biofilms is necessary. The current literature does not provide clear supportive information on selecting biofilm detection techniques that can be applied to detect biofouling within bioreactors. Therefore, this research aims to review all available biofilm detection techniques and analyze their characteristic properties to provide a comparative assessment that researchers can use to find a suitable biofilm detection technique to investigate their biofilms. In addition, it discusses the confluence of common bioreactor fabrication materials in biofilm formation.

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Preliminary Investigation of the Reversible 4D Printing of a Dual-Layer Component

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics

3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics

3D‐Printed Biomimetic Systems with Synergetic Color and Shape Responses Based on Oblate Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Droplets

A Technological Understanding of Biofilm Detection Techniques: A Review

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