Preliminary Investigation of Lithium for Mood Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Siegel, Matthew; Beresford, Carol; Bunker, Madisun; Verdi, Mary; Vishnevetsky, Donna; Karlsson, Cassie; Teer, Olivia; Stedman, Amy; Smith, Kathryn

doi:10.1089/cap.2014.0019

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Twenty-four papers were deemed to potentially meet the review inclusion criteria. Of these, 18 papers were excluded, either as these constituted reviews (Carpenter, 2007;Schneier, Blanco, Antia & Liebowitz, 2002), or as there were no paranoia data about individuals with ASD (Skokauskas & Gallagher, 2012), or because the studies did not report outcome measures pertaining to paranoia in individuals with ASD (Bara, Ciaramidaro, Walter & Adenzato, 2011;Collacott, Cooper & McGrother, 1992;Couture, Penn, Losh, Adolphs, Hurley & Piven, 2009;Gutkovich, Carlson & Carlson, 2007;Hallerbäck, Lugnegård & Gillberg, 2012;Konstantareas & Hewitt, 2001;Murphy, 2006;Pary, 1993;Pilowsky, Yirmiya, Arbelle & Mozes, 2000;Prado de Oliveira, 1999;Shastri, Alla & Sabaratnam, 2006;Siegel et al, 2014;Travé Rodriguez, Barreiro Marin, Galvez Borrero, del Olmo Romero-Nieva & Diaz Alvarez, 1994;Yan et al, 2000), or as paranoia outcome data about individuals with ASD were subsumed and subsequently analysed in a more recent paper (Pinkham, Hopfinger, Pelphrey, Piven & Penn, 2008). One further study was identified which was published during manuscript preparation, and sub-group data were obtained MT personal communication, July 2015).…”

Section: Search Results and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework

Spain

Sin

Freeman

2016

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Paranoia, unfounded ideation that others deliberately intend harm, has predominately been studied in schizophrenia. Increasingly, it is recognised that there is a spectrum of severity of excessive mistrust across the general population. Relatively little is known about paranoia in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but rates could be expected to be higher given both difficulties in understanding others' mental states and frequent experiences of negative social interactions. A systematic search of English-language peer-reviewed publications was undertaken to synthesise empirical research about paranoia in ASD. Seven studies, comprising a total of 180 ASD participants, met the inclusion criteria. All the studies were cross-sectional, thereby limiting causal interpretations. Individuals with ASD were consistently found to have higher levels of paranoia compared to non-clinical controls, and lower levels than individuals with current psychotic experiences manifesting in the context of schizophrenia. Furthermore, the initial evidence indicates that paranoia in ASD may be linked with theory of mind performance, negative affect, and jumping to conclusions, but not to attributional style. As in typically-developing populations, causal and maintaining mechanisms for paranoia in ASD, against a background of genetic and environmental risk, most likely include cognitive and affective processes interacting with social factors. We hypothesise, however, that core ASD characteristics and associated neurocognitive impairments also serve to precipitate and perpetuate paranoia. A framework to guide further investigation is outlined. Conceptualising paranoia in ASD 1 AbstractParanoia, unfounded fears ideation that others deliberately intend harm, has predominately been studied in schizophrenia. Increasingly, it is recognised that there is a spectrum of severity of excessive mistrust across the general population. Relatively little is known about paranoia in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but rates could be expected to be higher given both difficulties in understanding others' mental states and frequent experiences of negative social interactions. A systematic search of English-language peer-reviewed publications was undertaken to synthesise empirical research about paranoia in ASD. Seven studies, comprising a total of 180 ASD participants, met the inclusion criteria.All the studies were cross-sectional, thereby limiting causal interpretations. Individuals with ASD were consistently found to have higher levels of paranoia compared to non-clinical controls, and lower levels than individuals with current psychotic experiences manifesting in the context of schizophrenia. Furthermore, the initial evidence indicates that paranoia in ASD may be linked with theory of mind performance, negative affect, and jumping to conclusions, but not to attributional style. As in typically-developing populations, causal and maintaining mechanisms for paranoia in ASD, against a background of genetic and environ...

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Section: Search Results and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework

Spain

Sin

Freeman

2016

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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“…Indeed, in individuals with ASD, propranolol has been shown to improve language, cognitive flexibility, working memory, facial scanning and behaviour . Lithium, a medication that inhibits thyroid function, has been shown to have positive effect on ASD behaviours in several clinical and animal studies, thereby also indicating a relative overactivity of the thyroid as the culprit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder is associated with folate receptor α autoimmune disorder

Frye

Wynne

Rose

et al. 2017

J Neuroendocrinology

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Folate receptor α (FRα) autoantibodies (FRAAs) are prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FRAAs disrupt folate transport across the blood-brain barrier by binding to the FRα. Thyroid dysfunction is frequently found in children with ASD. We measured blocking and binding FRAAs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4) (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3) (TT3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) and other metabolites in 87 children with ASD, 84 of whom also underwent behaviour and cognition testing and in 42 of whom FRAAs, TSH and FT4 were measured at two time points. To better understand the significance of the FRα in relation to thyroid development, we examined FRα expression on prenatal and postnatal thyroid. TSH, TT3 and rT3 were above the normal range in 7%, 33% and 51% of the participants and TRH was below the normal range in 13% of the participants. FT4 was rarely outside the normal range. TSH concentration was positively and the FT4/TSH, TT3/TSH and rT3/TSH ratios were inversely related to blocking FRAA titres. On repeated measurements, changes in TSH and FT4/TSH ratio were found to correspond to changes in blocking FRAA titres. TSH and the FT4/TSH, TT3/TSH and rT3/TSH ratios were related to irritability on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and several scales of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), whereas TT3 was associated with SRS subscales and TRH was related to Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale subscales. The thyroid showed significant FRα expression during the early prenatal period, although expression decreased significantly in later gestation and postnatal thyroid tissue. The results of the present study suggest that thyroid dysfunction in ASD may be related to blocking FRAA. The high expression of FRα in the early foetal thyroid suggests that foetal and neonatal exposure to maternal FRAAs could affect the development of the thyroid and may contribute to the pathology in ASD.

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“…Two subsequent case reports demonstrated improvement with lithium treatment in individuals with ASD and co-occurring mania-like symptoms [35,36]. Siegel et al (2014) recently completed a retrospective chart review of lithium treatment in 30 youth with ASD [37]. In this review, the mean lithium blood level in participants was 0.70 mEq/L (SD = 0.26) and the average length of treatment with lithium was 29.7 days (SD = 23.9).…”

Section: Lithiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy for Autism Spectrum Disorders

McClellan

Pedapati

Wink

et al. 2016

Curr Treat Options Psych

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Preliminary Investigation of Lithium for Mood Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 57 publications

References 5 publications

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework

Thyroid dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder is associated with folate receptor α autoimmune disorder

Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy for Autism Spectrum Disorders

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