Preliminary identification and evaluation of parameters affecting the capacity of the operator-earthmoving machine system

Abstract

Without reliable data on the time of work of construction machines it is impossible to calculate the cost of the investment or the time limit for its implementation. Machine capacity is affected by many factors resulting from both the technical capabilities of a machine (e.g. the engine and bucket capacity) and work environment (e.g. soil loosening and weather conditions). Capacity is also influenced by factors affecting the operator (e.g. health condition, stress, fatigue). Therefore, it is appropriate to use the concept of the operator-machine system.
 The current system for the standards of machine working time collected in catalogues of capital expenditures is outdated (a lack of modern materials, technology and equipment currently used). It does not take into account all possible weather conditions, labour conditions and soil and water conditions. The result of this state of affairs may be overestimation or underestimation of an investment.
 On the basis of the conducted research it may be concluded that the greatest impact on the capacity of the operator-earthmoving machine system is exerted by parameters associated with the psychophysical condition of the operator (experience, fatigue, health and motivation of the operator) and the technical parameters of the machine (technical condition and theoretical technical capacity). Weather conditions, particularly air humidity, affect the performance to the smallest extent.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Environmental Impact of Concrete Structures

“…Analyzing formula 8 for the emission factor (EF x ) and formula 9 for the deterioration factor (DF), it can be concluded that the emission value also depends on the age of the machinery, expressed as a proportion of its average lifetime (AF), relative deterioration factor (A) and correction factor (TAF)-both related to the engine class (Stage/Tier) and the type of machine (e.g., excavator, crusher) [39]. The engine load factor i, depends mainly on the operating conditions of the machine [40], and the operator's skills are also significant [41].…”