PreliminaryIn VitroAssessment of Stem Cell Compatibility with Cross-Linked Poly(ε-caprolactone urethane) Scaffolds Designed through High Internal Phase Emulsions

Abstract

By using a high internal phase emulsion process, elastomeric poly(ε-caprolactone urethane) (PCLU) scaffolds were designed with pores size ranging from below 150 μm to 1800 μm and a porosity of 86% making them suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. Moreover, the pores appeared to be excellently interconnected, promoting cellularization and future bone ingrowth. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of the PCLU scaffolds towards human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) through the evaluation of cell viability and metabolic activity during extract test and indirect contact test at the beginning of the scaffold lifetime. Both tests demonstrated that PCLU scaffolds did not induce any cytotoxic response. Finally, direct interaction of hMSCs and PCLU scaffolds showed that PCLU scaffolds were suitable for supporting the hMSCs adhesion and that the cells were well spread over the pore walls. We conclude that PCLU scaffolds may be a good candidate for bone tissue regeneration applications using hMSCs.

Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

“…The earliest reported PolyHIPE made from PCL was created by copolymerisation of PCL diacrylate with non-degradable monomers (Busby et al, 2001). Various diluting solvents were included in HIPE composition to reduce the viscosity of PCL (Busby et al, 2001;David and Silverstein, 2009;Changotade et al, 2015). Johnson et al reported the incorporation of 76% PCL triacrylate into HIPE composition when DCE used as a porogenic solvent (Johnson et al, 2015).…”

Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair

“…Biomaterial cytotoxicity can emanate from the original material itself and from the by-products that may leach out from the material 45 . The cytotoxicity of the seven scaffolds' (H1 and H5) extracts was estimated by evaluating the viability of HuGu cells using an MTT assay.…”

Characterization of elastomeric scaffolds developed for tissue engineering applications by compression and nanoindentation tests, μ-Raman and μ-Brillouin spectroscopies

“…Indeed, elastomeric scaffolds can be used to regenerate soft and dynamic tissues such as skin, tendons, and muscles, since the mismatch of Young moduli is reduced and the material is able to recover large mechanical deformations. CSPBAT has developed biodegradable poly(ester-urethane)-based scaffolds (PCLU) that can support the adhesion of cells [12]. This study shows the potential of the combination use of the nanoindentation tests, the pulse-echo ultrasonic technique and of the µ-Brillouin spectroscopy vs temperature to assess some dynamical viscoelastic parameters of elastomeric scaffolds at very different frequencies (Hz-100 THz).…”

“…PCLU scaffolds were obtained through a high internal phase emulsion process named polyHIPE, and characterized by determination of their density, porosity and pore inter-connectivity, as previously described [12]. The glass transition temperature was estimated below -80°C by differential scanning calorimetry.…”

“…In this study, poly(ester-urethane)-based scaffolds (PCLU) were elaborated from a high internal phase emulsion in which oligoesters contained in the continuous phase were cross-linked. Depending of the emulsion parameters, various multi-scale and interconnected porosities can be obtained [12]. More specifically here, PCLU scaffolds were designed to present a 85.1% open-porosity that did not contain closed voids, and pore sizes ranging from below 150 to 1800 µm (Fig.…”