Preliminary findings from an experimental study of caprine besnoitiosis in Kenya

Njenga, J. M.; Bwangamoi, O; Mutiga, E.R.; Kang’ethe, Erastus K.; Mugera, G M

doi:10.1007/bf01839168

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…However, the inbred BALB/c mice infected with high dose of BC-1 died and those infected with lower doses showed consistent pathological lesions but those infected with BC-2 remained healthy and alive and no pathological changes were evident in their different body organs. Njenga et al (1993) and Ng'ang'a and Kasigazi (1994) showed no lesions in infected mice with B. caprae. Possibly the strain of B. caprae tested by these investigators is comparable to the BC-2 strain of the present investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparison of the pathogensis of two isolates of Besnoitia caprae in inbred BALB/c mice

et al. 2010

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This study was performed to evaluate the infectivity of bradyzoites of two Besnoitia caprae isolates, BC-1 and BC-2, to inbred BALB/c mice. Each group of inbred BALB/c mice was inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4), 1 x 10(5), 5 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6) of one of the two isolates of B. caprae bradyzoites. The mice were monitored daily for a period of 40 days for survival. After death of each mice, several passages from its peritoneal washing and tissues were analyzed using ribosomal DNA-specific PCR assay. Marked differences in pathogenicity between the isolates were seen. All the inbred BALB/c mice infected with BC-2 survived but all the mice that were administered with 1 x 0(5), 5 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6) BC-1 bradyzoites were died within 4-9 days post-infection (DPI). Histopathological examination of the tissues of the dead mice revealed hyperemia and necrosis with presence of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in myocardium, spleen and intestines together with interstitial pneumonia and peritonitis. All inbred BALB/c mice in the 1 x 10(3) and 1 x 10(4) groups of BC-1 inoculated mice survived and they were euthanized after 40 DPI. Chronic inflammation with infiltration of mononuclear cells was evident in myocardium, spleen, alveolar septa of the lungs of most of the examined tissues with hemorrhagic enteritis in the mice infected with 1 x 10(6) bradyzoites. The mice infected with different doses of BC-2 were euthanized after 40 DPI and no lesion was seen in histopathological sections of their organs. All peritoneal washings and examined tissues were PCR positive in BC-1 group. This experiment is the first report to show inbred BALB/c mice as a relevant model for B. caprae and demonstrates that this strain of inbred BALB/c mice is a suitable animal model for biological studies and examination of pathogenesis for this species of Besnoitia. The present findings also provide evidence for significant differences between the two isolates of B. caprae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparison of the pathogensis of two isolates of Besnoitia caprae in inbred BALB/c mice

et al. 2010

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“…B. caprae is identified as a host-specific parasite in goats as intermediate hosts, and based on the previous studies, cattle, sheep, and donkeys grazing in the same area alongside the infected flocks of goats were clinically and histopathologically normal, and no Besnoitia cysts were observed in the skin of the forelimbs, hind limbs, face, scrotum, or sclera of the eyes of these animals (Oryan and Sadeghi 1997;Oryan and Azizi 2008). Bwangamoi et al (1989) and Njenga et al (1993) also were previously unable to detect Besnoitia cysts in cattle in those areas of Kenya in which the goats were highly infected. Phylogenetic relationships among cystforming coccidia, especially Besnoitia, are poorly defined (Dubey et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic characterization of the causative agent of besnoitiosis in goats in Iran on the basis of internal transcribed spacer rDNA and its comparison with Besnoitia species of other hosts

2010

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This study was conducted to identify genetic characteristics of Besnoitia spp. isolated from goat in Iran. Molecular analysis of two portions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1 and ITS2) was used for the genetic characterization of the Besnoitia species. Comparison of the sequencing data of the Iranian Besnoitia samples obtained in the present study (GenBank accession number HM008988) with those previously reported for other Besnoitia spp. in the GenBank database revealed a particularly close relationship between the present goat Besnoitia samples and the Besnoitia samples from the cattle, caribou, and equids (Besnoitia besnoiti, Besnoitia tarandi, and Besnoitia bennetti). This is the first use of a genetic approach to interrogate the identity of the species of Besnoitia infecting Iranian goats. Also, the results of the present study showed the occurrence of a similar sequence polymorphism for ITS1 and ITS2 in all Iranian isolates, which exhibit 100% identity in these ribosomal sequences, to those of B. besnoiti previously reported from Israel. Although the ITS1 sequence of Iranian goat isolates is identical to European cow isolates, the ITS2 sequences derived from present Besnoitia genotype differed in one nucleotide position compared with other European B. besnoiti. Further studies should be employed based on this molecular data to identify the natural definitive host in order to complete the life cycle of this distinct genotype of parasite.

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“…In another experiment, oral administration of the bradyzoites of B. oryctofelisi was infective for gerbils and cats (Dubey et al 2003). However, Njenga et al (1993) and Ng'ang'a and Kasigazi's (1994) attempt in experimental transmission of Besnoitia caprae to rabbits and mice was not successful while Oryan et al (2010) isolated two distinct isolates of B. caprae (BC-1 and BC-2) and introduced the inbred BALB/ c mice as a suitable laboratory animal model for BC-1. They also showed different biological performance between these two isolates in the inbred BALB/c mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first evidence of caprine besnoitiosis was observed in dried skin sections in Kenya in 1967, but the disease existed as early as 1955 (Bwangamoi 1967(Bwangamoi , 1968. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the Besnoitia of cattle and goats differ in several biological features (Ng'ang'a and Kasigazi 1994;Njenga et al 1993;Oryan and Azizi 2008). Caprine besnoitiosis is endemic in domestic and wild goats of some of the African and Asian countries including Iran and Kenya (Cheema and Toofanian 1979;Bwangamoi et al 1989;Bwangamoi and Njenga 1993;Oryan and Sadeghi 1997;Oryan et al 2008a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of murine model for Besnoitia caprae

2014

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It has been shown that mice, particularly the BALB/c ones, are susceptible to infection by some of the apicomplexan parasites. To compare the susceptibility of the inbred BALB/c, outbred BALB/c and C57 BL/6 to Besnoitia caprae inoculation and to determine LD50, 30 male inbred BALB/c, 30 outbred BALB/c and 30 C57 BL/ 6 mice were assigned into 18 groups of 5 mice. Each group was inoculated intraperitoneally with 12.5 9 10 3 , 25 9 10 3 , 5 9 10 4 , 1 9 10 5 , 2 9 10 5 tachyzoites and a control inoculum of DMEM, respectively. The inbred BALB/c was found the most susceptible strain among the experienced mice strains so the LD50 per inbred BALB/c mouse was calculated as 12.5 9 10 3.6 tachyzoites while the LD50 for the outbred BALB/c and C57 BL/6 was 25 9 10 3.4 and 5 9 10 4 tachyzoites per mouse, respectively. To investigate the impact of different routes of inoculation in the most susceptible mice strain, another seventy five male inbred BALB/c mice were inoculated with 2 9 10 5 tachyzoites of B. caprae via various inoculation routes including: subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, infraorbital and oral. All the mice in the oral and infraorbital groups survived for 60 days, whereas the IM group showed quicker death and more severe pathologic lesions, which was then followed by SC and IP groups. Therefore, BALB/c mouse is a proper laboratory model and IM inoculation is an ideal method in besnoitiosis induction and a candidate in treatment, prevention and testing the efficacy of vaccines for besnoitiosis.

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Preliminary findings from an experimental study of caprine besnoitiosis in Kenya

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Comparison of the pathogensis of two isolates of Besnoitia caprae in inbred BALB/c mice

Comparison of the pathogensis of two isolates of Besnoitia caprae in inbred BALB/c mice

Genetic characterization of the causative agent of besnoitiosis in goats in Iran on the basis of internal transcribed spacer rDNA and its comparison with Besnoitia species of other hosts

Optimization of murine model for Besnoitia caprae

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