Preliminary Experience With The Photon History Generator Module Of A Public-domain Simulation System For Emission Tomography

Harrison, Robert L.; Vannoy, Steven D.; Haynor, David R.; Gillispie, Steven; Kaplan, M.S.; Lewellen, T.K.

doi:10.1109/nssmic.1993.701828

Cited by 133 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Compared to simpler dedicated codes such as SimSET (Harrison et al 1993), the versatility of GATE comes at the expense of relatively long computation times. To compensate for this, variance reduction tools are currently being developed for GATE.…”

Section: Speed-up Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT

et al. 2004

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Monte Carlo simulation is an essential tool in emission tomography that can assist in the design of new medical imaging devices, the optimization of acquisition protocols and the development or assessment of image reconstruction algorithms and correction techniques. GATE, the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission, encapsulates the Geant4 libraries to achieve a modular, versatile, scripted simulation toolkit adapted to the field of nuclear medicine. In particular, GATE allows the description of time-dependent phenomena such as source or detector movement, and source decay kinetics. This feature makes it possible to simulate time curves under realistic acquisition conditions and to test dynamic reconstruction algorithms. This paper gives a detailed description of the design and development of GATE by the OpenGATE collaboration, whose continuing objective is to improve, document and validate GATE by simulating commercially available imaging systems for PET and SPECT. Large effort is also invested in the ability and the flexibility to model novel detection systems or systems still under design. A public release of GATE licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License can be downloaded at http:/www-lphe.epfl.ch/GATE/. Two benchmarks developed for PET and SPECT to test the installation of GATE and to serve as a tutorial for the users are presented. Extensive validation of the GATE simulation platform has been started, comparing simulations and measurements on commercially available acquisition systems. References to those results are listed. The future prospects towards the gridification of GATE and its extension to other domains such as dosimetry are also discussed.

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Section: Speed-up Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT

et al. 2004

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“…PET acquisitions were simulated using SimSET [20] Monte Carlo code (version 2.9) (http://depts.washington.edu/simset), which was configured for a General Electric Discovery ST PET/CT scanner [21]. The detector was modeled as a single ring of bismuth germanate (BGO) material.…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Region-of-Interest Delineation Methods, Reconstruction Algorithms, and Intra- and Inter-Operator Variability on Internal Dosimetry Estimates Using PET

et al. 2016

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Purpose: Human dosimetry studies play a central role in PET radioligand development. Drawing regions of interest (ROIs) on the PET images is used to measure the dose in each organ. In the study aspects related to ROI delineation methods were evaluated for two radioligands of different biodistribution (intestinal vs urinary). Procedures: PET images were simulated from a human voxel-based phantom. Several ROI delineation methods were tested: antero-posterior projections (AP), 3D sub-samples of the organs (S), and a 3D volume covering the whole-organ (W). Inter-and intra-operator variability ROI drawing was evaluated by using human data. Results: The effective dose estimates using S and W methods were comparable to the true values. AP methods overestimated (49%) the dose for the radioligand with intestinal biodistribution. Moreover, the AP method showed the highest inter-operator variability: 11±1%. Conclusions: The sub-sampled organ method showed the best balance between quantitative accuracy and inter-and intra-operator variability.

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“…For comparison purpose, two configurations (LINE1 and LINE2 at 10 cm from the collimator) were also modelled using the SimSET Monte Carlo simulator (Harrisson et al 1993). Unlike GATE, SimSET does not allow for Monte Carlo simulation of the photon transport within the collimator and only includes an analytical model of the collimator response.…”

Section: Acquisition Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Monte Carlo simulator GATE for indium-111 imaging

et al. 2005

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Monte Carlo simulations are useful for optimizing and assessing single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) protocols, especially when aiming at measuring quantitative parameters from SPECT images. Before Monte Carlo simulated data can be trusted, the simulation model must be validated. The purpose of this work was to validate the use of GATE, a new Monte Carlo simulation platform based on GEANT4, for modelling indium-111 SPECT data, the quantification of which is of foremost importance for dosimetric studies. To that end, acquisitions of 111 In line sources in air and in water and of a cylindrical phantom were performed, together with the corresponding simulations. The simulation model included Monte Carlo modelling of the camera collimator and of a back-compartment accounting for photomultiplier tubes and associated electronics. Energy spectra, spatial resolution, sensitivity values, images and count profiles obtained for experimental and simulated data were compared. An excellent agreement was found between experimental and simulated energy spectra. For source-to-collimator distances varying from 0 to 20 cm, simulated and experimental spatial resolution differed by less than 2% in air, while the simulated sensitivity values were within 4% of the experimental values. The simulation of the cylindrical phantom closely reproduced the experimental data. These results suggest that GATE enables accurate simulation of 111 In SPECT acquisitions.

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Preliminary Experience With The Photon History Generator Module Of A Public-domain Simulation System For Emission Tomography

Cited by 133 publications

References 8 publications

GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT

GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT

Impact of Region-of-Interest Delineation Methods, Reconstruction Algorithms, and Intra- and Inter-Operator Variability on Internal Dosimetry Estimates Using PET

Validation of the Monte Carlo simulator GATE for indium-111 imaging

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