Preliminary evidence of an association between increased cortical inhibition and reduced suicidal ideation in adolescents treated for major depression

Lewis, Charles P.; Camsari, Deniz Doruk; Sonmez, Ayse Irem; Nandakumar, Aiswarya Lakshmi; Gresbrink, Marjorie A.; Daskalakis, Zafiris J.; Croarkin, Paul E.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.079

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Although the results were not statistically significant, there is a trend related to gender and depressive symptoms in the study population (p = .053). The present study was limited by the small number of participants, and like other research, the small sample did not permit controlling for additional covariates such as gender (Lewis et al, 2019). Concerning social variables, such as marital status, living alone, or being unemployed, we did not find an association between these variables and the presence of depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Depressive Symptoms are Associated with low Serotonin Levels in Plasma but are not 5–HTTLPR Genotype Dependent in Older Adults

et al. 2021

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Depressive symptoms are diagnosed by physicians using scales but their pathophysiology is unclear. Low serotonin (5–HT) levels play an important role in depression, and the 5–HT transporter (5–HTT) is an important regulator of plasma serotonin levels and reuptake. Additionally, the 5–HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5–HTTLPR) is associated with depression. The aim was to clarify the roles of plasma serotonin levels in plasma and the 5HTTPLR polymorphism in depressive symptoms in older adults. A total of 84 older adult participants were evaluated. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale of 20 items (CESD–20). The plasma serotonin levels were determined by ELISA, and the 5–HTTLPR genotype was analyzed by PCR. Depressive symptoms were present in 39.3% (N = 33) of the participants. The median plasma serotonin level was 204.34 ng/mL (SD = 93.88). A significant correlation was found between the CESD–20 scale and plasma serotonin levels (r = –.256; p = .019). Low serotonin levels were associated with the presence of depressive symptoms (p = .001). The 5–HTTLPR analysis showed that of the 84 older adults, 35.7% had the SS genotype, 10.7% had the LL genotype, and 53.6% were heterozygous. The 5–HTTLPR polymorphism was not associated with depressive symptoms (p = .587) and plasma serotonin levels (p = 0.391). Depressive symptoms correlate with low serotonin levels in plasma, but not with the 5–HTTLPR polymorphism in older Mexican adults.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Depressive Symptoms are Associated with low Serotonin Levels in Plasma but are not 5–HTTLPR Genotype Dependent in Older Adults

et al. 2021

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“…Regarding GABA-related mechanisms, abnormalities in GABAergic function affect suicide and depression. Lewis et al (2019) showed a significant positive correlation between change in GABAergic-inhibitory measures of TMS and change in suicidality, even after controlling for the effect of change in depression. In a genotype and transcriptome study by Yin et al (2016) the investigators showed that GABA-A receptor coding transcript had a lower expression in postmortem analysis of brains of patients who committed suicide (Yin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Neurotransmitter Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The inhibitory role of low-frequency TMS and the excitatory role of high-frequency TMS also produced counterintuitive conclusions because suicidality has been shown to be associated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic deficits at many levels (Zhao et al, 2018;Lewis et al, 2019), and 10 Hz or any highfrequency treatment should have worsened this situation from the TMS excitatory effect on the cortex. However, the results instead showed that high-frequency TMS decreased suicidality.…”

Section: Tms Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Neuromodulation Treatment Effects on Suicidality

Küçüker

Almorsy

Sonmez

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Introduction: Neuromodulation is an important group of therapeutic modalities for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prior studies have focused on efficacy and adverse events associated with neuromodulation. Less is known regarding the influence of neuromodulation treatments on suicidality. This systematic review sought to examine the effects of various neuromodulation techniques on suicidality.Methods: A systematic review of the literature from 1940 to 2020 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was conducted. Any reported suicide-related outcome, including suicidal ideation, suicide intent, suicide attempt, completed suicide in reports were considered as a putative measure of treatment effect on suicidality.Results: The review identified 129 relevant studies. An exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of sertraline and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) for treating depression reported a decrease in suicidal ideation favoring tDCS vs. placebo and tDCS combined with sertraline vs. placebo. Several studies reported an association between repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and improvements in suicidal ideation. In 12 of the studies, suicidality was the primary outcome, ten of which showed a significant improvement in suicidal ideation. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and magnetic seizure therapy was also shown to be associated with lower suicidal ideation and completed suicide rates. There were 11 studies which suicidality was the primary outcome and seven of these showed an improvement in suicidal ideation or suicide intent and fewer suicide attempts or completed suicides in patients treated with ECT. There was limited literature focused on the potential protective effect of vagal nerve stimulation with respect to suicidal ideation. Data were mixed regarding the potential effects of deep brain stimulation on suicidality.Conclusions: Future prospective studies of neuromodulation that focus on the primary outcome of suicidality are urgently needed.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=125599, identifier: CRD42019125599.

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“…Target engagement Prognostics Closed loop Clinical Trial Proximity of the individual alpha frequency (IAF) in the EEG to the 10 Hz rTMS frequency [41], replicated by [42] and 10 Hz sTMS frequency [45] Suppression of an ERP related to aversive visual stimuli during epidural cortical stimulation (EpCS) [69] Evoked or event-related potential in motor cortex: greater modulation of motor cortex excitability prior to rTMS predicted a better antidepressant response [60,61] Stimulation at particular phase of the ongoing alpha oscillations [100] Clinical Trial for closed loop stimulation is ongoing [104] rapidly evolving, and may reach clinical use in the next few years. Phaseinformed therapy holds promise to improve both invasive and noninvasive neuromodulation for several brain disorders.…”

Section: Diagnostic Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%