Preliminary Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Cigarette Craving and Withdrawal Symptoms in Experienced Smokers in Acute Cigarette Abstinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of progressive muscular relaxation and stretching exercises combination on blood pressure among farmers in rural areas of Indonesia: a randomized study†

“…11 The working mechanism of the PMR technique is to focus on the difference between feelings of anxiety and stress and relaxation. [7][8][9][10][11] Controlling of feelings causes relaxation and reduces self-pressure, 12 thus controls the hemodynamic of BP. Therefore, PMR is very safe and easy for behavioral intervention and this is highly recommended, because it does not require special expertise of techniques.…”

“…Therefore, PMR is very safe and easy for behavioral intervention and this is highly recommended, because it does not require special expertise of techniques. 12 Although the SE is a form of exercise for maintaining muscle fitness and elasticity, 13 the mechanism of action of the SE will increase muscle flexibility and maintain blood circulation in the blood vessels smoothly by maintaining blood vessel elasticity. 14 Hemodynamic conditions, heart rate, and BP can be controlled optimally through regular SEs.…”

Ultra-Brief Mindfulness Training Reduces Alcohol Consumption in At-Risk Drinkers: A Randomized Double-Blind Active-Controlled Experiment

“…However, the >2-fold larger effect size (in craving reduction) in the relaxation group suggests that this may be a clinically relevant finding. Indeed, beneficial effects of very brief relaxation training on craving have been noted in smokers ( Limsanon and Kalayasiri, 2015 ). Beyond replication of the current findings, future research in at-risk drinkers should also examine the specific effects of relaxation in its own right.…”

Towards virtual reality exposure therapy for cocaine use disorder: A feasibility study of inducing cocaine craving through virtual reality

“…The aim of this post-VRE recovery condition was to help participants reduce any cocaine craving and craving-related psycho-physiological discomfort experienced during the Cocaine VR condition ( Cerbo, 1990 , Limsanon and Kalayasiri, 2015 ). Seated participants had to repeat cycles of nasal inhales, “as if they had to smell a flower”, and buccal exhales, “as if they had to blow through a straw”.…”

“…In Saladin et al (2006) , although after a “cool-down” relaxing procedure, post-cue VRE craving returned similar to baseline levels, post-cue VRE positive emotions remained significantly lower. Interestingly, sympathetic drive reduction-focused relaxation techniques, such as paced breathing or progressive muscle relaxation, could serve as promising procedures for damping down acute craving and any related psycho-physiological discomfort ( Limsanon and Kalayasiri, 2015 , Lundahl and Greenwald, 2016 ).…”