Preliminary effectiveness of breast cancer screening among 1.22 million Chinese females and different cancer patterns between urban and rural women

Abstract

To determine the preliminary effectiveness of breast cancer screening among Chinese females, 1226714 women aged 35–69 years first received clinical breast examinations. Urban women with suspected cancer received mammography followed by breast ultrasound (BUS), while rural suspected women underwent BUS followed by mammography. After one-year follow-up, 223 and 431 breast cancers were detected among urban and rural women (respectively), with overall detection rates of 0.56/1000 and 0.52/1000. Higher detection rates were significantly associated with older age at screening for both urban and rural women; additionally, urban women were at significantly higher risk if they had no job, no insurance, or were obese; additional risk factors specific to rural women included Han nationality, higher income, being unmarried, and having a family history of cancer (all P values < 0.05). Among screening-detected breast cancers in urban vs. rural women, 46.2% and 38.8% (respectively) were early stage, 62.5% and 66.3% were ≤2 centimeters, 38.0% and 47.3% included lymph-node involvement, and 14.0% and 6.0% were identified as carcinoma in situ. All abovementioned cancer characteristics were significantly better than clinic-detected cancers (all P values < 0.001). In conclusion, several important differences were found between urban and rural women in screening effectiveness and patterns of cancer distribution.

Assessment of performance of the Gail model for predicting breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

“…In America, conventional mammography examination would be conducted for women aged 45–74 years every 1 or 2 years [ 80 , 81 ] and the Gail model was constructed based on women with annual screening [ 3 , 12 ]. However, routine screening was seldom conducted in Asian women [ 82 ]; many of the breast cancer patients could not be detected and resulted in a lower number of observed breast cancer than actually existed, resulting in a higher E/O ratio.…”

Influencing Cancer Screening Participation Rates—Providing a Combined Cancer Screening Program (a ‘One Stop’ Shop) Could Be a Potential Answer

“…Despite cancer being one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality ( 1 ), current cancer screening participation rates are variable, both internationally ( 2 , 3 ) and in Australia ( 4 ). This variability is of concern, as it has been demonstrated that participating in organized cancer screening programs can identify cancer at an earlier stage, examples including bowel ( 5 , 6 ), breast ( 7 , 8 ), and cervical ( 9 , 10 ), allowing for earlier detection and thus intervention in a person’s disease trajectory.…”

Impact of breast cancer awareness month on detection of breast cancer in a private hospital

“…Although breast screening guidelines usually recommend screening by MG from 40 years old, Chinese studies performed these screening programs for patients older than 30 years. 14 – 17 Although clinical breast examinations every 1 to 3 years with breast awareness are recommended for women aged between 25 to 40 years of age as an average risk screening approach, participants older than 35 years of age were included in the present study. 18 The effect of different age groups needs to be clarified by future, large, prospective studies.…”