Preliminary ecotoxicity hazard evaluation of DOPO-HQ as a potential alternative to halogenated flame retardants

Liu, Min; Yin, Hua; Chen, Xiaoqian; Yang, Jing; Liang, Yong; Zhang, Jingji; Yang, Fan; Deng, Yunyun; Lu, Shaoyong

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.142

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…They are particularly associated with such deformities such as endocrine and thyroid disruption, immune toxicity, reproductive defects, cancer, neonatal and fetal deformities, child development and neurologic functions [12,14,18,19,20]. As a result, the halogenated flame retardants are being phased out gradually due to strict government policies and general environmental awareness by consumers [12,21]. The quest for alternative flame retardant has been met with a lot of interesting results from the research community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Tawiah

Fei

2018

Polymers

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PLA has become a commodity polymer with wide applications in a number of fields. However, its high flammability with the tendency to flow in fire has limited its viability as a perfect replacement for the petrochemically-engineered plastics. Traditional flame retardants, which may be incorporated into PLA without severely degrading the mechanical properties, are the organo-halogen compounds. Meanwhile, these compounds tend to bioaccumulate and pose a risk to flora and fauna due to their restricted use. Research into PLA flame retardants has largely focused on organic and inorganic compounds for the past few years. Meanwhile, the renewed interest in the development of environmentally sustainable flame retardants (FRs) for PLA has increased significantly in a bid to maintain the integrity of the polymer. A review on the development of new flame retardants for PLA is presented herein. The focus is on metal oxides, phosphorus-based systems, 2D and 1D nanomaterials, hyperbranched polymers, and their combinations, which have been applied for flame retarding PLA are discussed. The paper also reviews briefly the correlation between FR loadings and efficiency for various FR systems, and their effects on processing and mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Tawiah

Fei

2018

Polymers

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“…Thus, the reason for this behavior was that when the flame‐retardant composites are burning, the DOPO‐HQ can volatilize containing phosphorus‐oxygen reactive free radicals into the gas phase to capture hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen free radical (•H) to terminate free radical chain, which results in the release of incomplete combustion products, such as CO and smoke, and the reduction in release of heat. Besides, the effective of flame retardant mostly depends on the content of DOPO‐HQ which mainly acts as gas‐phase flame retardant mechanism on PBT in combination with some literatures .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Flame retardant and thermal decomposition mechanism of poly(butylene terephthalate)/DOPO‐HQ composites

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

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Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ) composites with poly(ethylene-butylacrylate-glycidylmethacrylate) (PTW) as a compatibilizer were prepared by the twin-screw extruder. The flame retardant and thermal decomposition mechanism of the PBT/DOPO-HQ flame retardant composites was investigated. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL94), cone calorimetric test, thermogravimetric analysis, laser micro-Raman spectrometer (LRS), thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and TG-differential scanning calorimetry of the PBT/DOPO-HQ flame retardant composites were carried out. The LOI results showed that the LOI value PBT/ DOPO-HQ flame retardant composites with PTW compatibilizer is higher than PBT/DOPO-HQ flame retardant composites without PTW compatibilizer. The PBT/PTW/ DOPO-HQ (20%) flame retardant composites achieved UL-94 V-0 classification, but only addition of 20% DOO-HQ to PBT just achieved vertical burning test (UL94) V-2 classification with serious flammable dripping. What's more, the mechanical properties of PBT/DOPO-HQ flame retardant composites were studied. POLYM. COMPOS., 00:000-000,

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“…The best candidates to replace organohalogen flame retardants are organophosphorus compounds [13,14]. In general, the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds is much lower than that observed for organohalogen counterparts [15][16][17]. Further, the effectiveness of organophosphorus flame retardants may be enhanced by the presence of compounds containing other elements, most notably sulfur [18][19][20][21], nitrogen [22][23][24][25][26][27], boron [28,29], or silicon [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Biobased Phosphorus Flame Retardants from Starch-Derived bis-2,5-(Hydroxymethyl)Furan

Howell

Han

2020

Molecules

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A series of biobased phosphorus flame retardants has been prepared by converting starch-derived bis-2,5-(hydroxymethyl)furan to the corresponding diacrylate followed by Michael addition of phosphite to generate derivatives with phosphorus moieties attached via P–C bonds. All compounds behave as effective flame retardants in DGEBA epoxy resin. The most effective is the DOPO derivative, 2,5-di[(3-dopyl-propanoyl)methyl]furan. When incorporated into a DGEBA blend at a level to provide 2% phosphorus, a material displaying a LOI of 30, an UL 94 rating of V0 and a 40% reduction in combustion peak heat release rate compared to that for resin containing no additive is obtained. The analogous compounds generated from bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A exhibit similar flame-retarding properties.

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Preliminary ecotoxicity hazard evaluation of DOPO-HQ as a potential alternative to halogenated flame retardants

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Flame retardant and thermal decomposition mechanism of poly(butylene terephthalate)/DOPO‐HQ composites

Effective Biobased Phosphorus Flame Retardants from Starch-Derived bis-2,5-(Hydroxymethyl)Furan

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